1. Units 1 & 2

2. Prescientific Psychology  Is the mind connected to the body or distinct?  Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

3.  Prescientific Psychology  Empiricism  Wilhelm Wundt  opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig (c. 1879)  Structuralism  Functionalism

4.  Definition of Psychology  The science of behavior and mental processes

5.  Psychology’s Big Issues  Nature-nurture controversy  the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

6.  Natural selection

7.  Psychology’s Subfields  Basic Research  biological  developmental  cognitive  personality  social

8.  Psychology’s Subfields  Applied Research  Industrial/organizational  Clinical psychologists Psychiatry  A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

9. Psychologists, like all scientists, use the scientific method to construct theories that organize observations and imply testable hypotheses

10.  Hindsight Bias  the “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon  Overconfidence  we tend to think we know more than we do

11.  Critical Thinking  thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions The Amazing Randi—Skeptic

12.  Theory  Hypothesis  Operational Definition  Replication

13. Psychologists describe behavior using case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation

14. Case Study Is language uniquely human?

15.  Survey  False Consensus Effect  Population  Random Sample

17.  Naturalistic Observation

18.  Correlation Coefficient  a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other Correlation coefficient Indicates direction of relationship (positive or negative) Indicates strength of relationship (0.00 to 1.00) r = +.37

19.  Scatterplot  a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables Correlation and Scattergram

20. Perfect positive correlation (+1.00) No relationship (0.00)Perfect negative correlation (-1.00) Scatterplots, showing patterns of correlations

21.  Experiment  Double-blind Procedure  Placebo effect  Experimental Condition  Control Condition

22.  Random Assignment  Independent Variable  Dependent Variable

23.  Mode  the most frequently occurring score in a distribution  Mean  the arithmetic average of a distribution  Median  the middle score in a distribution

24.  Range  the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution  Standard Deviation  a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean  Statistical Significance  a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

26. Can laboratory experiments illuminate everyday life?

27. Does behavior depend on one’s culture? What is culture?

28. Does behavior vary with gender?

29. Why do psychologists study animals? Is it ethical to experiment on animals? Is it ethical to experiment on people?

30. Is psychology free of value judgments?

31. Is psychology potentially dangerous?