1. External Structure of Insects, Functions & Locomotion Insect surface: exoskeleton & epidermis Head: Mouthparts, Antennae, Eyes Thorax:Thoracic segments, Wings, Legs Abdomen: Segments,Ovipositor,Cerci,Style

3. THE INSECT SURFACE (Exoskeleton ) - glycoprotein Dermal gland: produce pheromone, repellant

4. Function of Exoskeleton Body support Protection Water conservation Location of muscle attachment - allows movement Colouration & Camouflage

5. Exoskeletal Parts Tergite/Tergum (Dorsal,Abdomen) Notum (Dorsal, Thorax) Pleurum (Lateral) Sternite/Sternum

6. HEAD

8. MOUTH PARTS Clypeus Labrum (“upper lip”) Labium (‘lower lip’) Mandibles (‘jaw-like) Maxillae

10. maxilla labium mandible

11. ADAPTATIONS OF THE MOUTHPARTS MANDIBULATE – most primitive –Chewing (beetles, grasshoppers etc) HAUSTELLATE – sucking up liquid –A) Stylet – needle-like [Mosquito, Hemiptera(true bugs)] –B) Proboscis – siphon (Butterflies and moths) –C) Sponging – most flies

12. THE EYES 2 Types: a) Compound eye b) Ocelli (sing. Ocellus)

13. Compound eye

15. THE ANTENNA For touch and smell ( some case hearing)

19. THORAX Pro,meso,meta Notum & Pleuron Wings Legs

21. THORAX pro metameso FORE WING HIND WING pro metameso FORE WING HALTERE -balancing- DIPTERA- TRUE FLIES

25. pro metameso pro metameso NOTUM (DORSAL) PLEURON (LATERAL)

26. LEGS TROCHANTER COXA FEMUR TIBIA tarsus

27. TYPES OF INSECT’S LEGS CURSORIAL Wakling, running Ground beetles, cockroach

28. FOSSORIAL Front leg, digging soil Mole cricket

29. RAPTATORIAL Fore leg, adapted for catching prey Praying mantis

30. SALTATORIAL Hind leg, jumping Enlarge femur grasshoppers

31. NATATORIAL For swimmng With hairs Water beetles

32. POLLEN COLLECTING tibia adaptation (corbicula) Pollen basket

33. WINGS ELYTRON TEGMINA HEMIELITRON MEMBRANOUS HALTERE SCALE-LIKE FRINGED

36. Fringed-like Front wing Sword-like(bentuk pedang) Long hairs along the wind margin Order thysanoptera (berimbing)

37. Scale-like wing (butterflies & moths)