1. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies SUBJECT NAME: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT UNIT NO.3 TOPIC NAME: HUMAN POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT MBA DEPARTMENT 1

2. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies UNIT 3:- SYLLABUS 1.GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH, VARIATIONS AMONG NATIONS. 2.POPULATION EXPLOSION 1.GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH, VARIATIONS AMONG NATIONS. 2.POPULATION EXPLOSION 2

3. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies LECTURE -1 “Objectives” To understand global population growth effects and its variations among nations. To discuss the concept and effects of Population explosion To understand global population growth effects and its variations among nations. To discuss the concept and effects of Population explosion 3

4. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Population and Environment Population and environment are related. Finally, it is the people who consume natural resources. The increases in population have disturbed the balance in environment. 4

5. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Rapid growth of population In initial phase of human history the world population increased at Snail’s pace, due to very high death rate. According to estimates on an average the population doubled once after every 1500 years during the Stone Age. Therefore it took nearly 2 million years for human population to become 1 billion. To reach 2 billion it required only 80 years, to reach 3 million 33 years, to reach 4 billion 15 years, to reach 5 billion 12 years and to reach 6 million only 10 years. In initial phase of human history the world population increased at Snail’s pace, due to very high death rate. According to estimates on an average the population doubled once after every 1500 years during the Stone Age. Therefore it took nearly 2 million years for human population to become 1 billion. To reach 2 billion it required only 80 years, to reach 3 million 33 years, to reach 4 billion 15 years, to reach 5 billion 12 years and to reach 6 million only 10 years. 5

6. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Rapid growth of population It is clear that in 20 th century the pace of increase in growth rate is accelerated. The rapid increase in population was due to increased food supply, better nutrition, improvement in medical facilities. The death rate came down due to the improvement in medical facilities. 6

7. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Population Growth A population is generally a group of individual of a particular area at specific time. Population is characterized with such characteristics as dispersion, fluctuation in number of sex ratio, birth rate and death rate etc. A population is generally a group of individual of a particular area at specific time. Population is characterized with such characteristics as dispersion, fluctuation in number of sex ratio, birth rate and death rate etc. 7

8. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Population Growth The population of a species generally arises as a result of reproduction, active transport of individual, on their passive transport by such agencies as wind etc. All the three means population growth are influenced by several factors of the environment as well as by the characteristics of the individuals of the species itself. The population of a species generally arises as a result of reproduction, active transport of individual, on their passive transport by such agencies as wind etc. All the three means population growth are influenced by several factors of the environment as well as by the characteristics of the individuals of the species itself. 8

9. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Concept of Growth rates Before dealing with other characteristics of a population it is necessary to have an idea of growth rates. Since population is a changing entity, we are interested not only in its size and composition but also in nature of its change. As varying from place to place, population density also varies in time. Population may remain constant, they may fluctuate or they may steadily increase decrease. Such changes are the main focus of population. Before dealing with other characteristics of a population it is necessary to have an idea of growth rates. Since population is a changing entity, we are interested not only in its size and composition but also in nature of its change. As varying from place to place, population density also varies in time. Population may remain constant, they may fluctuate or they may steadily increase decrease. Such changes are the main focus of population. 9

10. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Concept of Growth rates They are brought about by the interplay between four factors. Natality (Production of offspring) and immigration lead to an increase in density while mortality is death of individuals and emigration lead to decrease in density. A rate is generally obtained by dividing the change by the period of time elapsed during the change. They are brought about by the interplay between four factors. Natality (Production of offspring) and immigration lead to an increase in density while mortality is death of individuals and emigration lead to decrease in density. A rate is generally obtained by dividing the change by the period of time elapsed during the change. 10

11. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Variations Among Nations Africa – high population growth rate due to increased birth rate and decreasing death rate. Asia- densely populated. India and China together have 40% of the world’s population. According to estimates, by 2050, India will supersede China to reach the number one position among the most populated countries. Africa – high population growth rate due to increased birth rate and decreasing death rate. Asia- densely populated. India and China together have 40% of the world’s population. According to estimates, by 2050, India will supersede China to reach the number one position among the most populated countries. 11

12. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Variations among Nations America- thinly populated. Population may increase only due to migration. Europe- population growth rate steady or declining. Oceania- thinly populated. America- thinly populated. Population may increase only due to migration. Europe- population growth rate steady or declining. Oceania- thinly populated. 12

13. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies summary The history of population growth. The relation between population and environment as a whole. Write a note on the population explosion. The history of population growth. The relation between population and environment as a whole. Write a note on the population explosion. 13

14. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies SAQ & LAQ SAQ: 1) Different population trends in America and Europe. 2) Write a note on concept of population growth rate. LAQ: 1) write a detailed note on population explosion world wide and its impact on the environment as the whole. SAQ: 1) Different population trends in America and Europe. 2) Write a note on concept of population growth rate. LAQ: 1) write a detailed note on population explosion world wide and its impact on the environment as the whole. 14

15. Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies Suggested Readings A text book of environmental by K M Agrawal, P K Sikdar, S C Deb”, published by Macmillan Environment management by N K Uberoi”, published by Excel Books Environment management by Dr. Swapan Deb”, published by Jaico Publishing House. Environmental Management by S K Agrawal”, published by A.P.H. publishing Corporation. Environmental Studies by Rajagopalan- Pub. By Oxford. A text book of environmental by K M Agrawal, P K Sikdar, S C Deb”, published by Macmillan Environment management by N K Uberoi”, published by Excel Books Environment management by Dr. Swapan Deb”, published by Jaico Publishing House. Environmental Management by S K Agrawal”, published by A.P.H. publishing Corporation. Environmental Studies by Rajagopalan- Pub. By Oxford. 15