1. Presented by SUNIL A.G.

2.  Introduction to embedded systems.  Design of embedded system in general  Amount of hardware needed.  Optimizing power dissipation.  Testing,reliability and verification.  Security requirements of system  summary

3.  What is an embedded system? An embedded system is an engineering artifact involving computation that is subject to physical constraints. An embedded system is a computer system that cannot be programmed by the user because it is pre-programmed for a specific task and embedded within the equipment which it serves

4.  Embedded systems design. Systems design is the process of deriving, from requirements, a model from which a system can be generated more or less automatically.  software design is the process of deriving a program that can be compiled;  Hardware design, the process of deriving a hardware description from which a circuit can be synthesized  two types of physical constraints reaction constraints and execution constraint  Reaction constraints are studied in control theory execution constraints, in computer engineering.

5.  Optimizing:  microprocessors, and single purpose processors in the system  according to the performance,power dissipation, cost and other designmetrics the system.  hardware (memory RAM, ROMor internal and external flash or secondarymemory in the system, peripherals and devices internal and external to the system,ports and buses in the system and powersource or battery in the system).

6.  Design metrics examples – Power dissipation, physical size, number of development and manufacturing costs. Reliability  Designing reliable product by appropriate design and thorough testing, verification and validation is a challenge.

7.  Clock Rate Reduction  Operating Voltage Reduction  Wait, Stop and Cache Disable Instructions – Clever real- time programming.  It is by using of 'Wait' and 'Stop' instructions anddisabling or controlling certain units whennot needed is one method of saving powerduring program executio

9.  Testing – to find errors and to validate that the implemented software is as per the specifications and requirements to get reliable product.  Verification – refers to an activity to ensure that specific functions are correctly implemented.  Validation – refers to an activity to ensure that the system that has been created is as per requirements agreed upon at the analysis phase, and to ensure its quality

10. Input Devices–Switches, DIP Switches, and Keypads interfacing, output devices–LEDs Seven-Segment Displays, Tri-state Indicators and LCDs interfacing. Interfacing to Other Devices such as sensors, stepper motor and DC motor speed control,. Analogue-to-digital conversion, the RS-232 Interface.

11. We learnt  Challenges in system design  Meeting design metrics  Power dissipation reduction  Enabling and controlling of processes and hardware units  Flexibility, upgradeability and reliability  summary

12.  THANK YOU