1. Pfauenaugen-Stechrochen_-_Ocellate_river_s wikipedia stingray Stingrays & Skates part 2 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Stingray

2. Stingray city Newswise.com discountexcursions.com

3. Rays: Include the mantas with wingspans exceeding 8 meters (26 feet) Mantas feed on plankton like many other larger organisms in the ocean Eagle Ray

4. Eagle rays are Cartilaginous fish Live in open ocean rather than on sea bottom Feed on mollusks and crustaceans, crushing shells with flattened teeth Can breach the water several meters above the surface Longer tails than other rays Ovoviviparous, giving birth to 6 pups at once Range from 48 cm (19 in) to 9 m (30 ft) in length Wallpapersrus.com

5. Manta ray scientific classification Kingdom:AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum:ChordataChordata Class:ChondrichthyesChondrichthyes Subclass:ElasmobranchiiElasmobranchii Superorder:BatoideaBatoidea Order:MyliobatiformesMyliobatiformes Family:MyliobatidaeMyliobatidae Subfamily:MobulinaeMobulinae Genus:Manta upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Manta_birostris-Thailand4.jpg

6. Manta rays are large eagle rays Devil rays and manta rays are filter plankton feeders Swim with mouths open Have triangular pectoral fins, horn shaped cephalic fins] Found in temperate, and tropical waters Range in size from 5.5 m to 7 m or 18 to 23 feet M. Birostris migrates across open ocean single or in groups M. alfredi is resident and coastal Gestation is over 1 year, producing live pups Visit cleaning stations for removal of parasites

7. Guitarfish- Ray cousin https://www.google.com/search?q=guitarfish&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=6aIAVIrqEorHgwSg54CADg&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1051&bih=703

8. Ray vs Skate

9. Skate Anatomy

10. Skates type of "ray" that differ considerably from stingrays do not possess venomous barbs have sharp thorns located on dorsal surface and tails primarily live in marine habitats and rarely enter brackish or freshwater environments

11. Skate Classification Kingdom:AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum:ChordataChordata Class:ChondrichthyesChondrichthyes Subclass:ElasmobranchiiElasmobranchii Superorder:BatoideaBatoidea Order:RajiformesBerg, 1940RajiformesBerg, 1940 Family:Rajidae

12. Egg cases Prominent difference is that all stingrays give birth to live young while skates reproduce by laying eggs in leathery capsules sometimes called mermaid's purses http://www.sharktrust.org/en/great_eggcase_hunt/view_folder.asp?folderid=6241&rootid=6241&depth=1&toptab=6 A resource about skate and shark egg cases and tracking them. This is from the UK but a neat site to click around. Look for the anatomy of a case and how it’s put together.

13. Skate Dissection http://serchomeschool.wordpress.com/2013/02/01/sharks-and-skates- final-dissection-pre-class-materials/ http://serchomeschool.wordpress.com/2013/02/01/sharks-and-skates- final-dissection-pre-class-materials/ http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/aquabiol/Dissect_Prac/skate/skate.htm dissection photos from liverpool uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/aquabiol/Dissect_Prac/skate/skate.htm http://www.marinebiodiversity.ca/skatesandrays/internal%20anatomy. htm http://www.marinebiodiversity.ca/skatesandrays/internal%20anatomy. htm dissection details from center for marine biodiversity http://davidscience.newdesignhigh.com/2012/02/skate-external- anatomy.html skate external anatomy diagrams…very good! http://davidscience.newdesignhigh.com/2012/02/skate-external- anatomy.html Sharks and Skates: Skate Dissection from serc http://serchomeschool.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/skate.gif pic http://serchomeschool.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/skate.gif

14. Other Skate websites http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbuu1Fa-c1k national geographic video includes stingray city 2 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbuu1Fa-c1k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln2ruWT-w54 stingray and spiny lobster 1.5 min amateur http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln2ruWT-w54 info in glossopedia http://test.glossopedia.org/skates- and-rays/http://test.glossopedia.org/skates- and-rays/

15. Other skate websites http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=47 this is a great place to start to learn about skates and rays. http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=47 http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/aquabiol/Dissect_Prac/skate/skate. htm a good page to get some idea of what the dissection will look like. http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/aquabiol/Dissect_Prac/skate/skate. htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbuu1Fa-c1k a nice National Geographic video about stingrays (2 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbuu1Fa-c1k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51f4UY2TYX8 this is a short video (2 min) of a Ray giving live birth (many lay eggs too, but not this one!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51f4UY2TYX8