1. Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1. Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed 5. Other plant products? 6. Organic farming 7. Caffeine bioremediation Something else (leaf movements? new foods?)?

2. Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments 4.See where they lead us

3. Endomembrane system Organelles derived from the ER 1) ER 2) Golgi 3) Vacuoles 4) Plasma Membrane 5) Nuclear Envelope 6) Endosomes 7) Oleosomes

4. VACUOLES Vacuoles are subdivided: lytic vacuoles are distinct from storage vacuoles!

5. Endomembrane System Oleosomes: oil storage bodies derived from SER Surrounded by lipid monolayer! filled with lipids: no internal hydrophobic effect!

6. endosymbionts derived by division of preexisting organelles no vesicle transport Proteins & lipids are not glycosylated

7. endosymbionts derived by division of preexisting organelles little exchange of membranes with other organelles 1) Peroxisomes (microbodies)

8. Peroxisomes (microbodies) 1 membrane

9. Peroxisomes (microbodies) found in (nearly) all eukaryotes 1 membrane Fn: 1) destroy H 2 O 2, other O 2 -related poisons

10. Peroxisomes Fn: 1.destroy H 2 O 2, other O 2 -related poisons 2.change fat to CH 2 O (glyoxysomes)

11. Peroxisomes Fns: 1.destroy H 2 O 2, other O 2 -related poisons 2.change fat to CH 2 O (glyoxysomes) 3.Detoxify & recycle photorespiration products

12. Peroxisomes Fn: 1.destroy H 2 O 2, other O 2 -related poisons 2.change fat to CH 2 O (glyoxysomes) 3.Detoxify & recycle photorespiration products 4.Destroy EtOH (made in anaerobic roots)

13. Peroxisomes ER can make peroxisomes under special circumstances! e.g. peroxisome-less mutants can restore peroxisomes when the wild-type gene is restored

14. endosymbionts 1) Peroxisomes (microbodies) 2) Mitochondria

15. Mitochondria Bounded by 2 membranes

16. Mitochondria 2 membranes Smooth OM

17. Mitochondria 2 membranes Smooth OM IM folds into cristae

18. Mitochondria -> 4 compartments 1) OM 2) intermembrane space 3) IM 4) matrix

19. Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes

20. Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes

21. Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Reproduce by fission

22. Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Reproduce by fission IM is 25% cardiolipin, a bacterial phospholipid

23. Mitochondria Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Reproduce by fission IM is 25% cardiolipin, a bacterial phospholipid Genes most related to Rhodobacteria

24. Mitochondria Fn : cellular respiration -> oxidizing food & supplying energy to cell Also make many important biochemicals

25. Mitochondria Fn : cellular respiration -> oxidizing food & supplying energy to cell Also make important biochemicals & help recycle PR products