1. E. Napp World War I began in 1914 and lasted until 1918.

2. E. Napp In 1914, Austria’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated by Slav nationalists. Believing that Serb officials had helped the assassins, Austria decided to invade Serbia.

3. E. Napp The assassination of Austria’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand set off a chain reaction that soon involved all of Europe’s major powers as a local crisis escalated into a World War.

4. E. Napp While the assassination of the Archduke was the immediate cause of the First World War, there were many underlying causes. Nationalism, ethnic rivalries, imperialism, alliances, and militarism escalated the crisis.

5. E. Napp Nationalism encouraged rivalries among Western European nations. Nationalist movements also led to the creation of new nations in the Balkans: Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Albania.

6. E. Napp Austria-Hungary, however, still consisted of many different ethnic groups, most of which wanted their own national states. These demands threatened to break the Empire apart.

7. E. Napp Serbs wanted to liberate Serbs still under Austrian rule, found in the southwest of Austria-Hungary. By annexing these regions, landlocked Serbia could also gain access to the Adriatic Sea.

8. E. Napp The European powers had competing economic and political interests. German industrialization challenged British economic supremacy. Competition for colonies created further tensions.

9. E. Napp By 1914, Europe was divided into two two large alliances. On one side stood Germany and Austria-Hungary. On the other side was Russia, France, and Great Britain.

10. E. Napp Any dispute involving a country from one alliance threatened to bring in other countries.

11. E. Napp The late 1800s saw a rise in militarism or the glorification of the military. An arms race also played a key role in the outbreak of World War I.

12. E. Napp Military leaders thought it would be better to attack first rather than to wait until being attacked. Whenever a crisis occurred, military leaders were prepared to fight.

13. Questions for Reflection:  Why was the Archduke of Austria assassinated?  What was the alliance system and how did it lead to war?  Define militarism and discuss its role in World War I.  How did ethnic rivalries and imperialism lead to conflict? E. Napp