1. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 1 Session 6D: Teacher Issues Recruiting and retaining secondary school teachers Presenter: Aidan Mulkeen ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

2. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 2 1. Need to plan for teacher supply  Supply often out of balance  Planning for each subject  Need information on: Attrition and wastage  Weak regulation mechanisms ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Supply Wastage Attrition

3. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 3 2.Need for realism in recruiting and training those who will take teaching jobs  Are the university-trained teachers really going to take the jobs in rural schools?  Can diploma teachers be helped to teach to upper secondary?  How can we help the primary teachers who teach in secondary schools? ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

4. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 4 3. Specific policies are needed to get teachers in rural schools  Deployment of qualified teachers is uneven  and will probably get worse  Incentives and housing  Policies of family friendly posting  Targeting to build capacity in the community ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

5. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 5 4. Building a rewarding career is the key to retention.  Need structures that reward quality and effort.  Qualification based career structures can provide perverse incentives.  Rewards are not all financial  Success  Professional engagement, mentoring etc. ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

6. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 6 5. There is a specific problem in supply of mathematics and science teachers.  A vicious cycle  Multi layer solutions  Extra efforts at school level  Booster courses in training colleges ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

7. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 7 6. Head teachers play a vital role.  A good school has a good head teacher  Need to professionalize  Selection of head teachers  Training of head teachers  Management of head teachers ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

8. Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education 8 Thank you ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa