1. CHAPTER 3 FACTORS AFFECTING MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Nancy Getchell, Hui-Min Lee, & Samuel Mackenzie
Made by Wang Yan

2. §1.1 Understanding interacting factors
§1.2 A look at nature VS nurture
§1.3 Examining the influences of environment
§1.4 Examining the influences of experience
§1.5 Using interacting constraints in practical settings
§1.6 Conclusion

3. §1.1 Understanding interacting factors
Two simple notions
First, everything matters
Second, everything changes

4. Newell’s model of constraints
Individual
Functional
Structural
Environment
Task
Emerging and
developing
movements
Physical
Socio-cultural
Goals
Rules
Equipment

5. §1.2 A look at nature VS nurture
the genetic effect
Support:research on twins
Nurture
A simple model
Nervous System
Environment
Body

6. §1.3 Examining Influences of Environment
Feral Children (an extremely deprived environment )
The story of Kamala and Amala makes for an interesting example of just how powerful environmental influence can be on our motor development.

7. Programs for Enhanced Motor Development
Ideas
changing environments
enhance development
The Mozart Effect
listening to Mozart's music
the development of spatial intelligence ?
Suzuki method

8. §1.4 Examining The Influence of Experience
General Experience
Definition: General Experience which are non-goal directed, include movements such as arm flapping and spontaneous leg kicking.
Function: essential for the development of functional motor behaviors

9. Specific Experience
Definition: Specific experience refers to either an experience that is particular to a certain task (called task-specific) or one that occurs during a certain time period known as a critical period.
Function: improving the performances of motor skills already exist, and advance the emergence of novel motor behaviors by providing experiences.

10. Critical Periods
A critical period is a time period during which exposure to certain experiences (or environmental stimuli) is most likely to result in certain behaviors (Michel & Moore, 1999).

11. Characteristics
not absolutely
not very clera
broad periods

12. Active experience and Passive Experience
self-produced
Passive Experience
not actively engaged in performing the action
Appropriate experience is important

13. §1.5 Using Interacting Constraints in Practical Settings
Body Scaling
a study of grasping (Newell, Scully, Tenenbaum, & Hardiman, 1989).
Constraints-based Task Analyses (CTA)
How to destine a CTA and use it?

14. §1.6 Conclusions
Many different factors or constraints affect motor development.
Neither our genetic makeup nor our environment fully shapes our motor development
Both exert their respective effects throughout multiple levels of organization that constitute the developing organism

15. Parse out the different roles of constraints and how they might influence developmental change.
Identify the task and environmental constraints most important to the individuals

16. Modify equipment, rules, goals, or physical dimensions in order to improve the motor performance and enhance developmental change over time

17. Thanks a lot!