1. Effects of the Great Depression Part 2 March 24, 2015

2. Farmers suffered before Black Tuesday – Afterwards…People have NO $$$/ no buy Crop prices go even LOWER Wheat prices: $2.16 (1919) – 38 cents (1932) Cotton prices: 35 cents (1919) – 6 cents (1932) Farmers unable to: – Pay mortgage – Purchase more seeds – Repair equipment – Buy food for family 1930 – 1934: Over 1 million farmers lose farms by foreclosure Foreclosure: banks repossess – Sell at auction (CHEAP prices) Many become tenant farmers (rent land to farm on)

3. Drought + Wind = DUST BOWL PROBLEM: no dams/ no irrigation (dry land) “Black Blizzard” creates dust 800 feet high/ over 300 million tons of dust Effects of Dust Bowl Dust would blanket rivers…killing fish Killed cattle, rabbits, chickens, birds, etc. Crop destroyed Dust seeped into house Over 800,000 from TX, OK, and AR LEAVE land behind – Dust bowl refugees known as OKIES – Go to WA and CA to find jobs Great Depression Affects Families Men no longer the breadwinner – Many men feel bad that can’t take care of families (some leave) Birthrates DOWN (smaller families) Family discipline DOWN (both parents working/ seeking work)

4. Great Depression Affects Minorities MARCH 25, 2015

5. Great Depression affects Minorities African Americans last to hired, first to be fired – 50% unemployment rate Repatriation for Mexican Americans Repatriation: encouraged to return to Mexico Hoover did NOT cause Great Depression – But, Americans look at him to SOLVE problems Hoover (intelligent; business owner) tried many strategies 1.Laissez-faire PROBLEM: No assistance to help Americans 2.ASK business owners to keep employment; wages the SAME (in return, gov’t will lower taxes) PROBLEM: Owners think of SELVES…continue to lay off/ lower wages to MAKE PROFIT 3.Localism: rely on local/ state gov’t to solve PROBLEM: no federal plan/ no $$$ to carry out 4.Trickle-Down Economics: pour $$$ at top…eventually, trickle down to workers Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC): gov’t give $1 billion to business/ banks PROBLEM: not enough businesses OPEN/ businesses DON’T hire new workers

6. ONE GOOD THING during Presidency: HOOVER DAM Construction started 1930 Jobs for people/ irrigation to Great Plains But, ways the public displayed disappointment in Hoover: 1.Hooverville 2.Hoover Flag 3.Hoover blanket 4.Hoover wagon (mule carrying belongings) 5.Hoover heater (campfire) 6.Hoover house (cardboard box) Some Americans ARGUE for COMMUNISM Extreme version of SOCIALISM (everyone the same) ARGUE that CAPITALISM creates INEQUALITY (rich/ poor) Bonus ARMY WWI VETS promised BONUSES in 1945 By 1931: Vets out of work/ want bonuses now Congress vote to give bonuses (Hoover veto/ many don’t need early $$$)

7. 1931: March to Washington DC for bonus (Bonus Army) Hoover call in Army to KEEP ORDER General Douglass MacArthur EXCEEDS ORDER & tries to drive Bonus Army out of DC – Generals Eisenhower and Patton there too MacArthur use TANKS, TEAR GAS, and BAYONETS on Bonus Army (WWI Vets) – Shocks Americans Hoover did NOT order such force – But, Americans BLAME Hoover has no chance of winning 1932 Presidential Election