1. The Industrial Revolution Part 2

2. The Factory System New machines for mass production First, factories built near streams for waterpower. Later, steam engines powered by coal. Mechanization allows for more goods at lower price

3. Transportation Railroads Turnpikes Steamboats and ships

4. How did machines affect work? Simpler jobs Unskilled laborers replace skilled laborers Women and children preferred No set working habits; lower wages Considered the “working class”

5. Working Conditions Long hours (up to 16 hour days/6 days a week) Dangerous Conditions Rigid discipline

6. Women workers Easier to manage Paid less than men Still had to care for home and family

7. Child Labor Small and quick Family needed money No education

8. Living Conditions Workers lived in tenements – shabby apartment buildings 12 people crammed into single room Poor, cramped, dirty Many lived in cellars (below ground)

10. The New Middle Class Merchants, inventors, etc. Lived in larger homes; less crowded Children educated Men wore suits; women wore frills and lace Owned property; had servants