1. Attitudes
KNR 270

2. WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE? Fishbein & Ajzen model
Antecedents
Beliefs
Attitudes
Intention
Behavior
A learned predisposition to respond in consistently favorable or unfavorable manner to object, person, or idea

3. WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE? Feeling toward an object Gauge of liking
Once an attitude is developed, we tend to respond in a similar way
Attitudes are not always displayed in behavior

4. HOW DID I DEVELOP AN ATTITUDE?
It developed from your belief system
What you perceived as truth
Could be right or wrong
Beliefs were influenced by many factors
Antecedents
Family
Friends
Experiences

5. ATTITUDES Intentions What we intend to do
How much effort exert to perform behavior
C/B different than what we think or feel
May not actually do

6. ATTITUDES Behavior When one component changes, others will also change
Overt action
When one component changes, others will also change
Belief
Attitude
Intention

7. Dimensions of Diversity
Status *
Parental
Income *
Education *
age
Race & ethnicity
mental & physical abilities & qualities
Work
Sex/
gender
Religion *
Experience *
sexual orientation
* Geography
Experience
* Military

8. Why Study Attitudes? Know how develop Know how to change
ADA enacted because of discrimination but couldn’t end because of attitudes
Negative attitudes & lack of physical access are 2 major barriers

9. What are your attitudes?
Attitude survey
Reactions
What did you learn about yourself & your attitudes?
Is pity or feeling sorry a negative attitude?

10. WHAT IS IMPACT OF NEGATIVE ATTITUDES ON PWD?
Perception of difference
Stigma, deviancy, stereotypes
Prejudice, discrimination
Segregation, exclusion
Spread phenomena
Overexageration
Labels
Self fulfilling prophecy
Internalized oppression

11. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY
Put in category & label
Results in stereotype
Results in expectations of behavior
Behaves as predicted
Self-fulfilling prophecy confirms stereotype

12. Sources of Prejudice & Discrimination
Moral accountability for cause of disability
Perceived cause can influence degree of stigma
Noble & honorable endeavors (least)
Congenital
Acquired
Acquired but perceived to contribute (most)
Smart, 2001

13. Sources of Prejudice & Discrimination
Inferred emotional consequences of disability
PWOD automatically assume that having a disability must be the worst thing that ever happened to a person
Fear of acquiring a disability
Smart, 2001

14. Hierarchy of Stigma by Category (Smart, 2001)
Physical
Least stigma
Cognitive
Intellectual
Mental
Most Stigma
Double whammies

15. Think-Pair-Share
What directly impacted your attitudes toward people with disabilities?
First exposure, parents, friends
What indirectly impacted your attitudes?
How improve negative attitudes?

16. HOW IMPROVE ATTITUDES TOWARD PWD?
Exposure to people with disabilities
Direct contact, positive, extensive
Awareness of attitudes
Processing
Education
Classes, presentations, conferences
Simulations

17. HOW IMPROVE ATTITUDES TOWARD PWD?
Focus on similarities
Facilitate equal status
Model positive interactions

18. Model Positive Interactions
Take action by looking
Not starring or turning away
Look in the face & smile
Take action by talking
Talk to the person
Take action by doing
Help after offering & offer is accepted
Dattilo, 2012

19. HINT
As recreation professionals develop more positive attitudes toward people with disabilities, leisure opportunities for individuals with disabilities will increase.
When opportunities to experience leisure increase, the quality of life for individuals with disabilities often is enhanced.

20. Wheeler’s Education and Training Model (1994)
Unconsciously incompetent
Do not know what they do not know
Limited knowledge
Consciously incompetent
Knows that they don’t know
Consciously competent
New awareness & understanding
Tries to develop or implement programs
Unconsciously competent