1. Space Boot Camp – Part 1 4.8C:
Collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon over time. (Supporting Standard)

2. A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
STAAR 2013 #7; RC3; Supporting
1. The graph below shows changes in the length of the shadow of a tree during part of a day:
If this day continues to be sunny, what will most likely happen to the length of the shadow from 2P.M. to 4P.M.?
A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
B. The length of the shadow will decrease and then increase.
C. The length of the shadow will increase.
D. The length of the shadow will decrease.

3. A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
STAAR 2013 #7; RC3; Supporting
1. The graph below shows changes in the length of the shadow of a tree during part of a day:
If this day continues to be sunny, what will most likely happen to the length of the shadow from 2P.M. to 4P.M.?
A. The length of the shadow will stay the same.
B. The length of the shadow will decrease and then increase.
C. The length of the shadow will increase.
D. The length of the shadow will decrease.

4. TAKS 2004—#21 (40%)
2. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice — A daily B weekly C monthly D yearly

5. TAKS 2004—#21 (40%)
2. Tides on the Texas coast usually occur twice — A daily B weekly C monthly D yearly

6. 2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #8
3. A student observed the apparent shape of the moon every night for a period of 60 days. On Day 10 the student observed a full moon. On which other day did the student most likely observe a full moon? A Day 20 B Day 30 C Day 40 D Day 50

7. 2011—STAAR™ Released Test Questions, #8
3. A student observed the apparent shape of the moon every night for a period of 60 days. On Day 10 the student observed a full moon. On which other day did the student most likely observe a full moon? A Day 20 B Day 30 C Day 40 D Day 50
**Because a full lunar cycle takes about 30 days – so = 40

8. 4. The tilt of the Earth on its axis as it moves around the sun MOST affects the— A timing of the tides B length of a month C cycle of the seasons D phases of the moon

9. 4. The tilt of the Earth on its axis as it moves around the sun MOST affects the— A timing of the tides B length of a month C cycle of the seasons D phases of the moon

10. 5. Which phase of the moon would have been seen most recently BEFORE the phase shown in the picture below? A C B D
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
New Moon
Third Quarter
First Quarter

11. 5. Which phase of the moon would have been seen most recently BEFORE the phase shown in the picture below? A C B D
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
New Moon
Third Quarter
First Quarter

12. 6. Earth would not have seasons if— A. it did not rotate B
6. Earth would not have seasons if— A it did not rotate B it was slightly closer to the sun C it was not tilted on its axis D it had more than one moon

13. 6. Earth would not have seasons if— A. it did not rotate B
6. Earth would not have seasons if— A it did not rotate B it was slightly closer to the sun C it was not tilted on its axis D it had more than one moon

14. 7. In Texas, it is warmer in summer than in winter because in summer— A Earth is closer to the sun B there are fewer clouds C Texas is tilted towards the sun D Texas is tilted away from the sun

15. 7. In Texas, it is warmer in summer than in winter because in summer— A Earth is closer to the sun B there are fewer clouds C Texas is tilted towards the sun D Texas is tilted away from the sun

16. 8. What causes the phases of the moon? A The Earth orbiting the moon B The sun reflecting the moon C The moon rotating on its axis D The moon orbiting the Earth

17. 8. What causes the phases of the moon? A The Earth orbiting the moon B The sun reflecting the moon C The moon rotating on its axis D The moon orbiting the Earth

18. 9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A
9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A rotation on its axis while orbiting the sun B tilt on its axis as it orbits the sun C distance from the sun during its orbit D atmosphere changing during its orbit  

19. 9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A
9. Seasons result from the Earth’s— A rotation on its axis while orbiting the sun B tilt on its axis as it orbits the sun C distance from the sun during its orbit D atmosphere changing during its orbit  

20. 10. What season would it be in McKinney if it is summer in South America? A Summer B Autumn C Winter D Spring  

21. 10. What season would it be in McKinney if it is summer in South America? A Summer B Autumn C Winter D Spring  

22. 11. What change in the night sky occurs about every 28-30 days. A
11. What change in the night sky occurs about every days? A An eclipse of the moon B An eclipse of the sun C The phases of the moon D The orbit of the Earth  

23. 11. What change in the night sky occurs about every 28-30 days. A
11. What change in the night sky occurs about every days? A An eclipse of the moon B An eclipse of the sun C The phases of the moon D The orbit of the Earth  

24. 12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases. A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B
12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases? A 1, 2, 3, 4 B 2, 3, 4, 1 C 3, 2, 1, 4 D 4, 3, 2, 1

25. 12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases. A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B
12. Which is the correct order of the moon phases? A 1, 2, 3, 4 B 2, 3, 4, 1 C 3, 2, 1, 4 D 4, 3, 2, 1

26. 13. Which of the following cycles takes about twenty-eight days to complete? A The seasonal cycle B The carbon cycle C The water cycle D The lunar cycle  

27. 13. Which of the following cycles takes about twenty-eight days to complete? A The seasonal cycle B The carbon cycle C The water cycle D The lunar cycle  

28. 14. About how long will it take the Earth to move from Point B to Point A in the diagram? A 3 hours B 3 days C 3 months D 3 years  

29. 14. About how long will it take the Earth to move from Point B to Point A in the diagram? A 3 hours B 3 days C 3 months D 3 years  
**Since there are 12 months in a year – divide 12 by 4 and you get 3 months**

30. 15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete. A
15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete? A The Earth revolving around the sun B The moon rotating once on its axis C The Earth rotating once on its axis D The moon revolving around the Earth  

31. 15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete. A
15. Which of the following cycles takes about 28 days to complete? A The Earth revolving around the sun B The moon rotating once on its axis C The Earth rotating once on its axis D The moon revolving around the Earth  

32. 16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A
16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A atmosphere B temperature C ocean tides D night and day  

33. 16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A
16. The moon’s gravitational pull is responsible for the Earth’s— A atmosphere B temperature C ocean tides D night and day  

34. 17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A. tides B
17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A tides B waves C currents D upwellings

35. 17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A. tides B
17. Motions in the oceans caused by gravity are called— A tides B waves C currents D upwellings

36. 18. If it is spring in South America, what season is it in North America? A Spring B Summer C Autumn D Winter

37. 18. If it is spring in South America, what season is it in North America? A Spring B Summer C Autumn D Winter

38. ?
Full Moon Waning Gibbous
19. What phase of the moon will come next? A C     Waxing Crescent Third Quarter   B D     Waxing Gibbous New Moon

39. ?
Full Moon Waning Gibbous
19. What phase of the moon will come next? A C     Waxing Crescent Third Quarter   B D     Waxing Gibbous New Moon

40. 20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical
20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical. This tilt and the rotation of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun is responsible for – A the rock cycle B the water cycle C the weather D the seasons

41. 20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical
20. The Earth’s axis tilts at an angle of 23 ½ degrees from vertical. This tilt and the rotation of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun is responsible for – A the rock cycle B the water cycle C the weather D the seasons

42. 21. The lunar cycle is— A. the repeating phases of the moon B
21. The lunar cycle is— A the repeating phases of the moon B precipitation that falls on the moon C the difference between day and night D the rotation of the moon on its axis

43. 21. The lunar cycle is— A. the repeating phases of the moon B
21. The lunar cycle is— A the repeating phases of the moon B precipitation that falls on the moon C the difference between day and night D the rotation of the moon on its axis

44. 22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A
22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A the Earth tilts toward the sun in summer B the moon is higher in the sky in summer C the Earth is closer to the sun in summer D the sun shines brighter in the summer

45. 22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A
22. Summer is warmer than winter because— A the Earth tilts toward the sun in summer B the moon is higher in the sky in summer C the Earth is closer to the sun in summer D the sun shines brighter in the summer

46. 23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following. A
23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following? A Day and night B The changing seasons C The revolution of the Earth D The phases of the moon

47. 23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following. A
23. The tilt of Earth’s axis helps to create which of the following? A Day and night B The changing seasons C The revolution of the Earth D The phases of the moon

48. 24. Why do we see phases of the moon. A
24. Why do we see phases of the moon? A The Earth’s shadow on the moon changes over the month. B The distance to the moon changes slightly as it revolves around the Earth. C The part of the moon’s sunlit side that we can see from Earth changes. D Sometimes no part of the moon reflects light from the sun.

49. 24. Why do we see phases of the moon. A
24. Why do we see phases of the moon? A The Earth’s shadow on the moon changes over the month. B The distance to the moon changes slightly as it revolves around the Earth. C The part of the moon’s sunlit side that we can see from Earth changes. D Sometimes no part of the moon reflects light from the sun.

50. 25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January
25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January. Which of the following BEST describes the difference between January and July? A Earth is closer to the sun in July than in January. B Earth is closer to the sun in January than in July. C The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in July. D The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in January.

51. 25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January
25. In Texas, summer occurs in July and winter occurs in January. Which of the following BEST describes the difference between January and July? A Earth is closer to the sun in July than in January. B Earth is closer to the sun in January than in July. C The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in July. D The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in January.

52. 26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth. A
26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth? A The gravitational pull of the Sun B The gravitational pull of the moon C The movement of water in the ocean D Wind on the surface of the ocean

53. 26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth. A
26. Which of these is the MOST LIKELY cause of tides on the Earth? A The gravitational pull of the Sun B The gravitational pull of the moon C The movement of water in the ocean D Wind on the surface of the ocean

54. The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth and the sun for each of the four seasons. Because Earth’s is an ellipse—not a circle—it is about 2 million miles closer the Sun in the winter than in the summer.   If the Earth is closer to the sun in winter, why is Texas colder in the winter than in the other seasons? A The sun releases less energy in winter. B The Eastern Hemisphere faces the sun during the winter. C The moon is between the sun and the Earth during winter. D The Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the sun in the winter.

55. The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth and the sun for each of the four seasons. Because Earth’s is an ellipse—not a circle—it is about 2 million miles closer the Sun in the winter than in the summer.   If the Earth is closer to the sun in winter, why is Texas colder in the winter than in the other seasons? A The sun releases less energy in winter. B The Eastern Hemisphere faces the sun during the winter. C The moon is between the sun and the Earth during winter. D The Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the sun in the winter.

56. 28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt
  28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt. Which of the following could they determine by the direction of the Earth’s tilt? A When the next lunar eclipse will be B What seasons are occurring on Earth C What time of day is occurring on Earth D When a meteor shower will fall to Earth

57. 28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt
  28. Scientists use sensors that measure the angle of the Earth’s tilt. Which of the following could they determine by the direction of the Earth’s tilt? A When the next lunar eclipse will be B What seasons are occurring on Earth C What time of day is occurring on Earth D When a meteor shower will fall to Earth

58.     29. At what point on the diagram above would it be winter in Houston? A Point A B Point B C Point C D Point D

59.     29. At what point on the diagram above would it be winter in Houston? A Point A B Point B C Point C D Point D

60. 30. The Earth orbits the sun once every 365. 25 days
30. The Earth orbits the sun once every days. At the point in the Earth’s orbit pictured above, which season is it in the Northern Hemisphere? A Fall B Winter C Spring D Summer

61. 30. The Earth orbits the sun once every 365. 25 days
30. The Earth orbits the sun once every days. At the point in the Earth’s orbit pictured above, which season is it in the Northern Hemisphere? A Fall B Winter C Spring D Summer

62. 31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis. A
31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis? A Movement of the tides B Prevalent or trade winds C Seasonal changes in the climate D Light and dark changes of day and night

63. 31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis. A
31. Which occurs as a result of Earth’s tilt on its rotating axis? A Movement of the tides B Prevalent or trade winds C Seasonal changes in the climate D Light and dark changes of day and night

64. Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below. 32
Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below Which two cities will have summer at about the same time of year? A Sydney and Tokyo B Tokyo and Buenos Aires C Buenos Aires and New York D New York and Tokyo

65. Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below. 32
Maps of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres are shown below Which two cities will have summer at about the same time of year? A Sydney and Tokyo B Tokyo and Buenos Aires C Buenos Aires and New York D New York and Tokyo