1. Organic Compounds

2. Four Groups of Organic Compounds A. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

3. Carbohydrates

4. Composition A. Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Universal Formula C 6 H 12 O 6

5. Functions A. Main source of energy for Consumers B. Structures (like the cell wall of plants or the exoskeleton of insects)

6. Groups A.Monosaccharide 1 sugar molecule B. Disaccharide 2 sugar molecules C. Polysaccharide many sugar molecules

7. MONNOSACCHARIDES 1.GLUCOSE- basic source of energy Ex: (fruits) C 6 H 12 O 6 2.FRUCTOSE- the sweetest of monosaccharides; found in fruits 3.GALACTOSE- a single molecule of milk

8. DISACCHARIDES 1.MALTOSE—found in wheat and barley 2.LACTOSE—made up of galactose & glucose (milk sugar) 3.SUCROSE—table sugar

9. POLYSACCHARIDES Supply long term energy PROVIDES STRUCTURE!!! EXAMPLES: 1. Starch-stored energy in plants (potatoes) 2. Glycogen- stored energy in animals (muscle & liver cells) 3. Cellulose- found in plant cell walls

10. How it gets into our bodies Bread Sweets Fruit Vegetables Pasta Potatoes

11. LIPIDS FATS, OILS, WAXES

12. Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Made of mostly C & H hard to break down

13. Functions A. Long Term Energy Storage B. Make up the cell membrane

14. GROUPS 1. MONOMERS— fatty acids 2. POLYMERS—triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes *** Triglycerides — --UNSATURATED FATS— liquid at room temperature (ex: vegetable oil) --SATURATED FATS—solid at room temperature (ex: butter) -- TRANS FAT – the worst fat

15. How it gets into our bodies Dairy products Fried Foods Cooking Oil Butter Nuts

16. PROTEINS

17. Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Sulfur (S) (sometimes) Nitrogen (N) **THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS**

18. Functions 1. PROVIDE STRUCTURE—help to build organisms (ex: hair, lungs, heart) 2. TRANSPORT—carry important molecules throughout the organism (ex: hemoglobin carries oxygen) *HELPS WITH IMMUNITY* 3. ENZYMES—proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction collagen hemoglobin

19. Groups Proteins are made of monomers known as Amino Acids (AA) Amino Acids can be joined to form Polypeptides (Proteins)

20. How it gets into our bodies meat poultry fish dairy eggs legumes nuts

21. Nucleic Acids

22. Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (contain Phosphorous)

23. Functions 1. carries information for the cell **GENETIC INFO FOR MAKING PROTEINS**

24. Groups 1. monomers = NUCLEOTIDES 2. polymers = DNA and RNA

25. How it gets into our bodies Inherited from our parents

26. The Common Elements The common elements in living things are: C, H, O, P, N