1. Slides for a seminar session and discussion © Denis Osborne, 2007 1 REDUCING CORRUPTION: CO-OPERATION BE GENTLE, ‘WIN HEARTS AND MINDS’! aiming, where corruption is perceived as ‘VHF’, to help people change attitudes and behaviour and co-operate to reduce corruption

2. Ethics and Good Governance 2 ‘SOCIAL MARKETING’ We may think of Marketing anti-corruption initiatives to ‘the people’ Before doing that let’s look at Social Marketing in other fields What ideas are ‘sold’? What examples come to mind? HIV, drugs, driving safety, security … and politics – vote for …

3. Ethics and Good Governance 3 ELECTIONS What might the sequence be? AWARENESS of what? Name of party, of candidate Policies, character, competence, past record ATTITUDES to what and to whom? Approval, Confidence, Support; Want them to win Distrust others, want other parties to lose ACTIONS Sharing favourable attitude with friends ….... VOTE!

4. Ethics and Good Governance 4 TO REDUCE CORRUPTION AWARENESS Evils and extent of corruption Damage done, Impact, Consequences That some anti-corruption efforts have succeeded! ATTITUDES Want corruption reduced, think it can happen ACTIONS Stop acting corruptly, deterred Co-operate against corruption By reporting, managing better …

5. Ethics and Good Governance 5 HOW? WHO PAYS? AND WHO TAKES INITIATIVES? SOME IDEAS… SCHOOLS – poster and essay competitions with press publicity (thus win parents, adults) MEDIA coverage of court cases, etc TV soap operas, commercial, news reports By MANAGERS to staff, clients, public PAID BY Government budget, donors, Civil society, religious groups Companies (with disclaimer/assurances)

6. Ethics and Good Governance 6 STRATEGIES (from a helpful list given by Kindra and Stapenhurst, 1998) Aim at Fear Guilt – but may foster apathy, frustration, helplessness Morality – matters of right and wrong Consistency – get people to ‘commit’ (wear badge?) Use Authority figures, peer influence, celebrities Social validation (convince others helping) Testimonial (people of changed behaviour) Humour, perhaps to clarify public ‘ownership’ Benefits of honest behaviour

7. Slides for a seminar session and discussion © Denis Osborne, 2007 7 REPORT CORRUPTION TO WHOM? HOW?

8. Ethics and Good Governance 8 TO THE ORGANISATION ABOUT COMPLAINTS AND CONCERNS … To the line manager OR To a ‘Complaints Officer’ (choose good title) In person or by telephone, letter, note, text-message Preferably with a name (in some cultures) –or names if 24 hours a day Well ‘advertised’ Where public and officials interact –Licence and Passport offices, Hospitals, Police stations, Schools, Dispensaries, etc …

9. Ethics and Good Governance 9 TO A NATIONAL AGENCY By organisations and their managers By employees, clients By the public For investigation, leading as thought best to Prosecution (publicity great, but costly) Discipline (administrative, NOT ‘tribunals’) Warnings, if threats believed (very cost effective, keeps ‘good’ staff)

10. Ethics and Good Governance 10 IN WRITING INTO PADLOCKED BOXES IN OFFICES for suggestions, complaints, and reports about corruption or unfair treatment, or discrimination OR BY MAIL TO Our ‘Customer Advice Team’ or a name ‘Anonymously, or with your name and address in confidence’ OR BY E-MAIL (with address on web)

11. Ethics and Good Governance 11 BY TELEPHONE To Hotline Number for ‘client/customer advice team’ –‘In complete confidence if you wish and tell us your name’ –And ‘anonymous calls welcome’ Open long hours? Or ‘24/7’?? By text-message – found a success –in Ombudsman’s Office, Mindanao, Philippines –Caller does not have to wait for answer –Received 24/7; staff respond next-day Contract out (to NGO?) if that builds trust

12. Ethics and Good Governance 12 INCENTIVES Want incentive to report, give name, and contact Provide feedback –even if only ‘We found no evidence to take this further’ –claimed this encourages people to tell more, report again Where name and contact are given, –Ask if in confidence, willing to give evidence, or ‘open’ Offer reward? Consider for reports giving –ideas for better service that we carry out; –evidence leading to conviction for corruption

13. Ethics and Good Governance 13 PUBLICISE, REPORT RESULTS Get launched by ‘Minister’ Report (every 6 months, if news is good?), with… number of reports received (about which depts?) –number giving name and contact, number anonymous and how many led to –disciplinary action in departments –(including any from earlier reports) –conviction in court –cases pending before the courts Use web for reports?

14. Ethics and Good Governance 14 USE HUMOUR! FOR EXAMPLE: THE STORY Many people regard the use or theft of state property (or the property of a large private sector company) as ‘acceptable’ when theft from individuals is not

15. Ethics and Good Governance 15 FATHER AND DAUGHTER A Government Official was shocked. The police had brought his daughter home. They said they had caught her stealing a pencil from a local shop.

16. Ethics and Good Governance 16 THE POLICE One of the police officers said that they would not bring charges, but wanted the girl’s Father to know. He should discipline his daughter and make sure she did not grow up to a life of crime. Then they left.

17. Ethics and Good Governance 17 THE REACTIONS The Father was angry, furious with his daughter. The daughter cried and said she was very, very sorry. Finally the Father hugged her

18. Ethics and Good Governance 18 THE MESSAGE “Listen”, said the Father, “You must never, never steal.” “Besides, why did you do it? You know that if you want a pencil you need only to ask me, and I would bring you a whole box of pencils … home from the office.”