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Molecular Geometry. Basic Terminology Molecule Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds Bond Length Distance between 2 bonded atoms Bond Energy.

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Presentation on theme: "Molecular Geometry. Basic Terminology Molecule Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds Bond Length Distance between 2 bonded atoms Bond Energy."— Presentation transcript:

1 Molecular Geometry

2 Basic Terminology Molecule Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds Bond Length Distance between 2 bonded atoms Bond Energy Energy required/needed to break a chemical bond Bond Angles Determined based on bonding and nonbonding regions of the central atom in a molecule

3 Why is molecular shape/structure SO important?

4 Molecular Shape 3-D structure of a molecule Predicted from the Lewis dot diagram of a chemical compound

5 “VSEPR” Theory/Electron Domain (ED) Model Valence electrons repel each other Electrons are arranged so the distance between them is MAXIMIZED ! Electron pair orientations influence the shape/structure of a molecule Focus on central atom Shared electrons Unshared electrons

6 Ex. BeF 2

7 What about unshared electrons on the central atom? Lone/unshared electrons Occupy space around central atom Not involved in chemical bonding between atoms These pairs are NOT taken into account for a chemical molecule’s shape ! Require MORE space than shared electrons, indirect contribution to shape

8 Molecular Shapes 1) Bent 2) Trigonal Pyramidal 3) Tetrahedral 4) Trigonal Planar 5) Two atom Linear 6) Linear

9 1) Bent Ex. H 2 O

10 2) Trigonal Pyramidal Ex. NH 3

11 3) Tetrahedral Ex. CH 4

12 4) Trigonal Planar Ex. BF 3

13 5) Two atom Linear Ex. I 2

14 6) Linear Ex. CaCl 2


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