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Published byMonica Hill Modified over 9 years ago
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Molecular Geometry
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Basic Terminology Molecule Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds Bond Length Distance between 2 bonded atoms Bond Energy Energy required/needed to break a chemical bond Bond Angles Determined based on bonding and nonbonding regions of the central atom in a molecule
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Why is molecular shape/structure SO important?
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Molecular Shape 3-D structure of a molecule Predicted from the Lewis dot diagram of a chemical compound
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“VSEPR” Theory/Electron Domain (ED) Model Valence electrons repel each other Electrons are arranged so the distance between them is MAXIMIZED ! Electron pair orientations influence the shape/structure of a molecule Focus on central atom Shared electrons Unshared electrons
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Ex. BeF 2
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What about unshared electrons on the central atom? Lone/unshared electrons Occupy space around central atom Not involved in chemical bonding between atoms These pairs are NOT taken into account for a chemical molecule’s shape ! Require MORE space than shared electrons, indirect contribution to shape
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Molecular Shapes 1) Bent 2) Trigonal Pyramidal 3) Tetrahedral 4) Trigonal Planar 5) Two atom Linear 6) Linear
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1) Bent Ex. H 2 O
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2) Trigonal Pyramidal Ex. NH 3
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3) Tetrahedral Ex. CH 4
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4) Trigonal Planar Ex. BF 3
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5) Two atom Linear Ex. I 2
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6) Linear Ex. CaCl 2
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