2. Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

3.  Some_girls_hit_puberty_faster_when_no_f ather_present Some_girls_hit_puberty_faster_when_no_f ather_present Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

4.  Literature Review › Draper and Harpending (D&H) (1982) › Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper (BSD) (1991) › Chisholm (1996) › Ellis and associates (2004)  Childhood experience › Demographic, relationship, and psychological terms  Human life history › Onset of sexual behavior, parenting, marital/partner relations  Evolutionary Perspective › Not how but why development operates the way it does Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

5.  Draper and Harpending (1982) › Father-present v. father-absent homes › First to look at childhood experience from an evolutionary standpoint  reproductive fitness, pair bonds, and reproductive strategy. › Led to further research… Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

6.  Belsky, Steingberg, and Draper (1991) › Effects of the environment on childhood emotional and behavior development › Environmentally sensitive system evolved to fit organism to its environment  Stressful environment during childhood › Negatively affects the child’s future sexual activity, relationships, and parenting  Related research… Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

7.  Ellis and associates (1999, 2003; Ellis & Garber 2000) › Fathers play a special role  Father-daughter relationship is particularly important  Early father absence = stronger effect on accelerating the onset of puberty  First five years of life are crucial for positive- affectionate interaction between father and daughter  Delayed pubertal development Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

8. Local Mortality Rates › Biological sense of death plays an important role in reproductive strategies.  Chisholm (1999) found earlier ages of reproduction when risk or perceived risk of dying was earlier in the lifespan  Time Preferences › Risky environment necessitates immediate payoff (reproduction) v. waiting for more attractive reward  Attachment Styles › Secure v. insecure  Links parental investment with reproduction strategies Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.

9.  Evolutionary perspective › Vs. traditional developmental psychology  Influence of Biological Father › Quality of parent-child relationships  Relevant research › Time preference Belsky, J. (2010). Childhood experience and the development of reproductive strategies. Psicothema, 22(1), 28-34.