1. Photosynthesis Mr. Victor M. Galdo Science Dpt. BTW

2. Energy and Life Energy (E) is the ability to do _______. All living things depend on __, even when they are sleeping! Without the ability to obtain and use E, _____ will cease to exist.

3. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use light E from the sun to produce food. How are these organisms called? ____________________________. Other organisms, such as animals, cannot use the sun’s E directly. These organisms obtain E from the foods they consume. How are these organisms called? ____________________________.

4. Chemical E and ATP E comes in many forms. Name five forms of E: ________________________________________. The Law of Conservation of E (1 st Law of Thermodynamics) states that E is neither created nor _________ it is ___________. One of the principal chemical that the cells use to store and release E is _____________________ or _____ for short.

5. Storing & Releasing E, and Using Biochemical E Class Work: read the Biology book, pages 202 and 203, then create and write down your own notes about how E is stored and released in ATP molecules, and about how is biochemical E used. Extra Credit: copy and answer the question in figure 8-3.

6. QUESTIONS & SUMMARY Using the High School Question Task Cards, write five questions about the notes. Write your summary for the notes.

7. NOTEBOOK: OUTPUT 1) Draw models of both the ATP and ADP molecules that show their parts, and how one is transformed into the other one. 2) Copy and answer the questions on 8–1 Section Assessment, page 203.

8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Equation : 6CO2+6H2O+Light energy  C6H12O6+6O2 It all starts with light. http://sci2.esa.int/e-spectrum/electr_spec.htm Electromagnetic Spectrum

9. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of sunlight to produce carbohydrates. 6CO 2 +6H 2 O+Light energy  C 6 H 12 O6+6O 2 Read and discuss pages 204–207. Create notes. 2 Main Stages: Light Reactions “light dependent” Calvin Cycle “light independent” or dark reactions

10. Light and Pigments

11. QUESTIONS & SUMMARY Using the High School Question Task Cards, write five questions about the notes on Photosynthesis and the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Write your summary for the notes.

12. NOTEBOOK: OUTPUT 1) Build a Network Tree concept map with the following terms: photosynthesis equation, products, light, 6CO 2, C 6 H 12 O 6, reactants, 6H 2 O, light energy, 6O 2, glucose, visible light. 2) Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

13. Light Reactions These are the reactions that convert solar energy to chemical energy. Occurs in the chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane. Light absorbed by the chlorophyll furnishes the chemical energy (stored as ATP/NADPH) that eventually powers the making of glucose or “food” in the Calvin Cycle. NO SUGAR IS MADE IN THESE REACTIONS SUM: light is absorbed; water split—oxygen discarded; ATP and NADPH made.

14. Summary of Light Reactions Sequence Energy in sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules Some of the excited electrons are used to produce ATP in an electron transport chain Other excited electrons are used to form NADPH ATP and NADPH is the “fuel” that powers the engine that makes sugars during the Calvin cycle (light independent or dark reactions). These fuel molecules are simply molecules that can accept high energy electrons, hold them for a short time, and then pass them on (electron acceptors)

16. Calvin Cycle or “Dark” Reactions This set of reactions does not directly involve light. The C from CO2 is “reduced” to sugar as electrons and H+ are added to it. During the cycle, carbon from CO2 combines with a 5 carbon molecule to form two 3 carbon molecules called PGA. Using the energy from ATP and NADPH, PGA can be then converted to PGAL, which in turn, is used to make glucose.

17. Just a thought? Well, why don’t we just use ATP and NADPH as our energy? Why bother making sugars? Because sugars can be stored indefinitely while ATP and NADPH are highly reactive molecules.

19. Sum of Calvin Cycle As photosynthesis continues, several steps of the Calvin Cycle work steadily to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce energy-rich sugars. The Calvin Cycle does not require light directly, however, in most plants the cycle runs during daytime when the light reactions power the Calvin cycle’s sugar assembly line by supplying it with NADPH and ATP.

20. QUESTIONS & SUMMARY Using the High School Question Task Cards, write five questions about the notes on Photosynthesis: Light reactions and Calvin (dark) reactions. Write your summary for the notes.

21. NOTEBOOK: OUTPUT 1) Build a glucose molecule model using the ball and sticks models. You must read the instructions that are in the box and look for a ring model of the glucose molecule to do it. 2) Make a sketch of a plant and show on it the following concepts that relate to photosynthesis: 1) chlorophyll 2) sunlight 3) H 2 O 4) CO 2 5) C 6 H 12 O 6 6)O 2 7) visible light 8) sugar You might use the concepts as many times as you need.

22. POWER POINT PRESENTATION http://www.slideshare.net/MissWander/power -point-51-cell-energy-photosynthesis- respiration/ http://www.slideshare.net/MissWander/power -point-51-cell-energy-photosynthesis- respiration/

23. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosy nthesis.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosy nthesis.html http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/ uploads/alberta/Photo.html http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/ uploads/alberta/Photo.html http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/bio coach/photosynth/overview.html http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/bio coach/photosynth/overview.html RESOURCES SITE: http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htm

24. JEOPARDY GAME http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/Scienc e/Biology/BIO0202.html http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/Scienc e/Biology/BIO0202.html