2. Warm Up 1. What is the freezing point of the substance? 2. What is the melting point of the substance? 3. What is the boiling point of the substance? 4. At what temperature does the substance condense? 5. What phase will the substance exist in at 60°C? 6. Does it take more energy to melt the solid or boil the liquid?

3. 1. The phase of matter with an indefinite shape but a definite volume is _______________. 2. The phase of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container is _____________. 3. The phase of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume is _________________. 4. Which phase changes are endothermic? 5. Which phase changes are exothermic?

4. If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person? Come up with 5 adjectives or descriptions you would give

5. Remember… Matter: has mass and takes up space

6. Characteristics Physical Properties Chemical Properties Changes of State Signs of Change Chemical Reactions Examples States Properties of Matter

7. Physical Properties Physical property: can be observed without altering the chemical identity of a substance

8. Characteristics Physical Properties (definition) Chemical Properties (definition) Changes of State (Phase Change examples) Chemical Changes Examples States Examples Ask yourself, “Would I have to change this substance into a new substance in order to view the property?” No Yes Physical Changes (definition) Signs of Change Properties of Matter

9. Physical Properties Characteristics Examples: color, texture, malleability, solubility, mass, volume, density, length, melting/freezing point, boiling point, viscosity, ductility Malleability: capable of being shaped or formed, by hammering or pressure Solubility: ability to dissolve in water Ductility: bendable; shape into a wire Viscosity: ability to flow

10. Chemical Properties Chemical property: describes the ability of a substance to change into one or more new chemical substances. Can only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a substance

11. Chemical Properties Examples: Toxicity, reactivity, flammability, combustibility, radioactivity, rotting, tarnishing, acidity, alkalinity

12. Chemical vs. Physical Properties Ask yourself, “Would I have to change this substance into a new substance in order to view the property?”

13. #1 The boiling point of a certain alcohol is 75 degrees Celsius Physical

14. #2 Copper forms green copper carbonate when in contact with moist air Chemical

15. #3 Table salt dissolves in water Physical

16. #4 Copper is a good conductor of heat and electricity Physical

17. #5 Magnesium burns brightly when ignited Chemical

18. #6 Iron is more dense than aluminum Physical

19. Physical vs. Chemical Changes

20. 1. How do you calculate density? 2. What is the unit for density ? 3. An object has a mass of 54g and a volume of 20cm 3. What is its density? 4. A substance has a mass of 100kg and a volume of 100L. What is its density? SubstanceDensity Air0.00129 Gasoline0.70 Water1.0 Aluminum2.7 Zinc7.0 Silver10.5 Platinum21.4

21. Physical or Chemical Properties?

22. 1. Everything is made of ___________________________________. 2. Chemicals can react to form new __________________________. 3. There is________ times as much hydrogen as there is oxygen in water. 4. When you mix vinegar and baking soda it produces _________________ gas. 5. A pyrotechnic is the name of a person who uses or manufactures ____________________. 6. Potassium can be found in _______________________.

23. What’s the Difference? Matter can change Examples: Freeze, cut, burn, etc. 2 types of changes 1. Physical changes 2. Chemical changes

24. Physical Changes Matter changes form WITHOUT becoming something new You start and end with same thing (see below) Examples: cutting, phase changes, etc.

25. Molecules in Physical Changes

26. Chemical Changes Identity of the matter changes, becomes NEW substance Start and end with different things Usually irreversible (can’t change back) Examples: burning, rusting, milk going sour

27. Soured milk Formation of bubbles (a gas) Tarnishing / Rusting Burning

28. Products: the resulting substances in a reaction Reactants: starting substances in a reaction In a chemical change, atoms and molecules rearrange to make new substances

29. Chemical Reaction Demo NaHCO 3 + C 2 H 4 O 2 C 2 H 3 NaO 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 Baking Soda Sodium Acetate, and Vinegarwater, and carbon dioxide

30. Signs of Change  Physical ◦ Size ◦ Shape Chemical Temperature change Color change Bubbles/fizzing- a gas is being formed Smoke Smell Light produced Sound Precipitate formed- solid particles formed when two liquids are mixed

31. Clues a Chemical change has occurred: Gas formation (bubbling or fizzing) Solid forms (precipitate) Heat or light produced Color change Sound

32. Is it a chemical or physical change? Sugar dissolving in tea Physical Change

33. Is it a chemical or physical change? Logs burning Chemical Change

34. Is it a chemical or physical change?  Breaking water up by separating it into hydrogen and oxygen Chemical Change

35. Is it a chemical or physical change? Cutting paper Physical Change

36. Is it a chemical or physical change? Crushing an aspirin Physical Change

37. Is it a chemical or physical change? Metal rusting Chemical Change

38. Is it a chemical or physical change? An egg rotting Chemical Change

39. Is it a chemical or physical change? Melting ice Physical Change

40. Is it a chemical or physical change? An egg breaking Physical Change

41. Is it a chemical or physical change? A candle burning Chemical Change

42. Is it a chemical or physical change? Butter melting Physical Change

43. Is it a chemical or physical change? Water boils Physical Change

44. Is it a chemical or physical change? Baking bread Chemical change

45. Is it a chemical or physical change? Burning a match Chemical Change

46. Is it a chemical or physical change? Pancakes cooking Chemical Change

47. Acids & Bases

48. What are Acids? Acids are common Some are dangerous and can burn your skin Some are safe to eat and drink Stomach acid helps digest food Feel “squeaky” explosion

49. Acids Definition A group of compounds which behave similarly All have low pH Turn Litmus paper RED Examples Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 Nitric acid HNO 3 Acetic Acid

50. What are Bases (Alkalis)? In our home we often use bases to clean things. Eg Bleach and toothpaste Feel “slippery” Some things are not acids or bases, we say that they are neutral. Eg Water

51. Bases Definition A family of compounds that behave similarly Have a high pH Turn litmus BLUE All donate OH - Examples Ammonia NH 3 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Soaps

52. Measuring acid strength? To decide if something is an acid or a base we can use an indicator. Litmus and Universal Indicator are examples of indicators. They change color depending on if they are in an acid or a base.

53. Working with Indicators Red litmus turns BLUE in the presence of Bases Blue litmus turns RED in the presence of acid Acids and bases react together in a NEUTRALISATION reaction

54. Properties and Changes Stations At each station you will complete practice for each of the concepts we learned. When you show me your work you can progress to the next station. You must get through each station before the end of the class period at least once.

55. Stations Phase Change Diagrams Density Physical and Chemical Properties Physical and Chemical Changes Acids and Bases

56. Acids & Bases In your INB draw a T chart. Label one side acids and the other side bases. Based on the properties of the items & what you already know about acids and bases, classify the each as an acid or a base. Glue the acids on one side of a paper and the bases on the other. Explain why you classified each object as an acid or base.

57. Acids and Bases round 2 http://amrita.olabs.co.in/?sub=73&brch=3&sim=6&cnt=2 5 http://amrita.olabs.co.in/?sub=73&brch=3&sim=6&cnt=2 5 Complete the lab