1. Support learning and development Physical development

2. Support learning and development Middle childhood and adolescence are times of complex physical changes and the refining of existing skills. © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

3. Support learning and development Physical development follows a predictable sequence. Individual children develop at different rates. Brain development has a significant impact on motor development. © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

4. Support learning and development Factors that may impact on physical development include:  Maturation (readiness)  Heredity  Environmental influences © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

5. Support learning and development Physical growth relates to the growth of bones, muscles, tendons, nerves and organs (sensory, speech, skin, brain and heart). © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

6. Support learning and development  Motor development includes both quantitative physiological change and qualitative change  Cephalocaudal development  Proximodistal development © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

7. Support learning and development Motor development includes:  gross motor development  fine motor development  perceptual motor development © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

8. Support learning and development Two important perceptual processes depend on vision and hearing:  visual perception – the ability to make sense and meaning out of what you see  auditory perception – the ability to make sense and meaning out of what you hear © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

9. Support learning and development Visual perception skills:  visual discrimination  figure ground  spatial relationships  visual memory  visual closure © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

10. Support learning and development Auditory perception skills: auditory awareness auditory decoding auditory discrimination auditory memory auditory sequencing © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

11. Support learning and development Dominance and Hand Preference Establishing dominance assists children to accomplish many tasks including writing and reading. Children who have not developed a hand preference will have difficulty with tasks that require the co-ordination of two hands. © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

12. Support learning and development Risk-taking and injury The shift towards the importance of the peer group as a key socialising influence means that adolescence is also a time for risk-taking behaviour, which escalates toward the senior high school years. Because of this, young people are at risk of accidents and injuries. © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757

13. Support learning and development Childhood obesity Children who are obese are also likely to have social problems, poor self-esteem and low self-confidence. © 2012 Pearson Australia ISBN: 9781442541757