1. What is Atomic Spectroscopy? – Sec 20-1

2. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) versus Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES)

3. Flame Atomization – Sec 20-2 Atomization process = Complete atomization results in ____________________

4. Fuels and Flame Temperatures – Table 20-1 FuelOxidant Temperature (K) acetyleneair2400 - 2700 acetylene Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) 2900 - 3100 acetyleneoxygen3300 - 3400 hydrogenair2300 - 2400 hydrogenoxygen2800 - 3000 Cyanogenoxygen4800

5. Instrumentation – Sec 20-4 The Linewidth Problem – absorbance is proportional to concentration (i.e. Beer’s Law holds) when the linewidth of the probing light is narrower than the absorption band

6. Line Broadening Mechanisms 1. Doppler Effect – atom moving towards the lamp samples EM wave more often = higher frequency (shorter wavelength) absorbed Both mechanisms result in more line broadening as the temperature increases.

7. 2. Pressure Broadening – colliding atoms (and molecules) absorb a broader range of frequencies (wavelengths)

8. Hollow Cathode Lamps Cathode composed of the same element as the analyte. As long as line broadening within the cathode is less than within the flame, the linewidth of the lamp is always less than the linewidth of the absorbing atoms and Beer’s Law is followed.

9. Detection Limits

10. Interferences – Sec 20-5 1. Spectral Interference -

11. 2. Chemical Interference -

12. 3. Ionization Interference -