1. Skin Care Skin >> integument >>integumentary system Epidermis –outer layer of skin –many layers –deepest layer produces new cells –skin pigment (melanin) found in bottom layer melanin determines skin color

2. Skin Care Dermis –lies beneath the epidermis –nerves, blood vessels, hair, glands

3. Functions of Integumentary System Protection against infection Regulation of body temperature Elimination of some wastes Serves as a waterproof membrane Prevents against the loss of body fluids

4. Changes in the Skin Color –pale –ashen (gray) –jaundice (yellow) –cyanosis (blue) –flushed (pink, red) Temperature –hot –cool or cold Texture –dry –clammy, wet –scaly –wrinkled Intactness –rash –bruising –reddened area –abrasion, –incision

5. Skin Lesions Macules –flat Papules –raised Pustules –pus filled Vesicles –filled with watery fluid –for ex. Blister Excoriations –skin scraped or scratched away Crusts –areas of dried body secretions

6. Pressure Sores Bedsores Dermal ulcers Pressure ulcers Decubitus ulcers

7. Development of Pressure Sores Extended pressure interferes with circulation Tissue first becomes reddened Cells die (necrosis) Skin breaks down Sore forms –may become large and deep

8. Where do they occur? Where bones come close to the surface Where body parts rub, causing friction Where tubing and other equipment rubs on the skin

9. Stages Stage I –least severe and complex –skin warmer and firmer –reversible Stage II –abrasion -- blister -- shallow crater –skin cells in dermis destroyed

10. Stages Stage III –deeper, subcu, fatty tissue beneath dermis have been destroyed –process of decay Stage IV –even muscle and bone have been invaded and destroyed