1. Unit 1 Book 5 Great Scientists

2. Do you know their names?

3. Archimedes He discovered objects in water are lifted up by a force that help them float. Try the quiz below and learn about some scientists. He was an ancient Greek mathematician.

4. He wrote The Origin of Species. It explained how animals and plants developed as the environment changed. Charles Darwin

5. He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines. Later James Watt turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. Thomas Newcomen

6. He used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children. Gregory Mendel

7. She discovered radium in 1898. She received two Nobel Prizes, one for physics and the other for chemistry. Marie Curie

8. He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities. Thomas Edison

9. Leonardo da Vinci He was a famous artist. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.

10. He developed a safety lamp for miners in 1815. It made working conditions underground much safer. Sir Humphry Davy

11. He invented the first seismograph to indicate the direction of an earthquake. Zhang Heng

12. He put forward a theory about black holes. Stephen Harking

13. common characteristics cautious persuasive strict positive Co-operative creative bright enthusiastic Brainstorming What personality and quality will be needed as a great scientist?

14. THINK WORK FIND How do the scientists usually do scientific research? The process Find a problem Make a question Think of a method Collect results Analyse the results Find supporting evidence Draw a conclusion SOLVE

15. What infectious diseases do you know about? foot-and-mouth disease E.coli outbreak

16. An ____________ (infect) disease is a disease ________ (cause) by bacterial, virus, fungal ['f ʌ ŋg(ə)l] 真菌的, or protozoan [,prə ʊ tə( ʊ )'zə ʊ ən] 原生动物的 infection. _________ some infectious diseases don’t spread, ________ may be transmitted from animal to person (bird flu and cat scratch disease) ______ from person to person (MRSA, HIV, and other STDs). infectious caused Though others or

17. How to prevent infectious diseases? Wash your hands often, especially during cold and flu season. Be aware of what you eat, and be careful how you prepare it. Use antibiotics exactly as prescribed. Be cautious around all wild and domestic animals that are not familiar to you. Avoid areas of insect infestation.

18. What do you know about cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium. If it infects people’s intestines [ ɪ n't ɛ st ɪ n] ( 肠 ), it may cause diarrhea [,da ɪ ə'riə] （腹泻）, vomiting ['v ɔ mitiŋ] （呕吐） and leg cramps ( 抽筋 ). The most common cause of cholera is by eating food or drinking water that has been polluted by the bacteria.

19. Cholera can be mild or even without symptoms （症状）, but a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.

20. Do you know this person? John Snow ( 1813~ 1858) a legendary figure in the history of public health, epidemiology [,ep ɪ di ː m ɪ ' ɒ ləd ʒɪ ] ( 流行病学 ) and anesthesiology [,ænis,θi: zi:' ɔ ləd ʒ i ( 麻醉学 )

21. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B.The cause of Cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined. D. How John Snow collected, analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it. Fast reading

22. Use the seven stages in setting out a new scientific idea to describe each paragraph. Careful reading

23. draw a conclusion find a problem make up a question think of a method collect results analyse the results find supporting evidence Para 1 Para 2 Para 3 Para 4 Para 5 Para 6 Para 7

24. Find a problem What causes cholera? Make a question Which theory is correct? Think of a method Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3

25. Para. 5 Analyse the results Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness. Para. 6 Find supporting evidence Find other evidence to support the analysis. Para. 7 Draw a conclusion The water was to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined to make sure it is safe. Para. 4 Collect results Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.

26. Broad Street Many deaths happened here. No death happened here. The water from the pump was to blame. Public house

27.  Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?  What’s the two theories?  When the cause was found, what did the people do ？  What are John Snow’s suggestions? Answer the questions.

28. 1. Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first? 2. What’s the two theories? Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. Strange cloud in the air that attacked people. People absorbed the disease with their meals.

29. 3. When the cause was found, what did the people do ？ 4. What are John Snow’s suggestions? Remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used. ① The source of all water supplies should be examined. ② The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.

30. Number these events in the order they happened. ___ John Snow began to test two theories. ___ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854. ___ John Snow marked the deaths on a map. ___ He announced that the water carried the disease. ___ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. ___ King Cholera was defeated. ___ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. ___ He had the handle removed from the water pump. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

31. Summary: John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to help people ______ to cholera. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. doctor 19 th cause exposed broke marked pump source examined

32. 1.Underline the difficult sentences that you cannot understand. 2.Do the exercise