1. Population Pyramids

2. POPULATION PYRAMIDS AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL Population pyramid – a graph that shows the population of a country according to sex and cohort. These graphs can help predict future population trends. Cohort – an age group made up of five years used in describing a population pyramid. Expansive population pyramids – countries with a high birth rate but a rapidly declining death rate. Stationary population pyramids – countries where both birth and death rates are very low. Demographic transition model – a graph outlining a country’s natural increase as a result of birth and death rates therefore showing changes in population as a result of a country’s economic development. The model is based on the changing population of Western Europe during industrialization.

4. STAGE 1 – pre-industrial High birth rates High death rates Moderately high population growth Primitive health and medical conditions Low life expectancy rate Very poor standard of living LLDCs

5. STAGE 2 – transitional High birth rate Death rate drops dramatically Improved medical conditions Largely agricultural and rural population Large families Explosive population growth LDCs

6. STAGE 3 – industrial Birth rate drops in response to high growth of stage 2 Death rate continues to drop slowly Improved standard of living and change in societal values Improved birth control methods Women in the labour force More urban/less rural More manufacturing and industry Smaller families Population growth is moderate and lowering; MDCs

7. STAGE 4 – post- industrial Low birth and death rate Good medical and health conditions Long life expectancy and high standard of living Population growth is low or negative; MDCs

8. AfghanistanAfghanistan shows a classical youth bulge. AfghanistanAfghanistan shows a classical youth bulge.

9. AngolaAngola shows the same, even more pronounced.

10. ChinaChina had an extreme youth bulge until the 1960s, when it sharply curbed partly as an effect of the one-child policy.one-child policy

11. Compare the population pyramid of the USA which was bulging until the 1960s and has steadily slimmed since.USA