1. CHROMOSOMES

2. What Are Chromosomes? Rod shaped structures made of DNA & Protein
DNA – stores the genetic information that cells will use
Proteins- sphere shaped structures that the DNA wraps around
DNA
Proteins

3. Chromosome Shape
Chromatids
Centromere

4. CENTROMERES/ CHROMATIDS
Centromere- holds the chromatids together
Chromatids- identical sides of the chromosomes
Contain same genetic information on both sides

5. Chromatin
Chromososomes are only present during cell division. In between cell division chromosomes are unraveled and called Chromatim

6. PROKARYOTIC VS EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES
Prokaryotic Chromosomes –circular, smaller, NOT in Nucleus
Eukaryotic – Larger, rod shaped, in Nucleus

7. Chromosome Numbers Organism # of chromosome Fruit Fly 8
Carrot & Lettuce 18
Cat 32
Earthworm 36
Human 46
Gorilla 48
Sand Dollar 52
Adder’s Tongue Fern
1262

8. Which is more complex in terms of functions & intelligence?
Adders Tongue Fern
Human OR

9. …OK Bad Example

10. Two Types of Chromosomes
SEX…ok get your minds out of the gutter
Determine the gender of the individual
Carry few other traits
2 of the 46 chromosomes
AUTOSOMES
Carry most of the traits that we inherit
44 of the 46 chromosomes

11. SEX Chromosomes
XX =
XY =

12. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
A pair of autosomes that have the identical trait for a certain characteristic (eye color).
You receive one of the homologous pairs from your father and one homologous pair from your mother
Humans have 44 autosomes (minus the 2 sex chromosomes) so they have 22 pairs of homologous autosomes
Homologous chromosomes are the same size and shape

13. KARYOTYPE
A picture taken from a microscope of all the chromosomes within a cell. The chromosomes are then arranged in homologous pairs and given a set of numbers

14. Diploid vs Haploid Cells
Description
Both sets of homologous chromosomes present
Only one of each homologous chromosome present
Type of Cell
All cells but sex cells (egg or sperm)
Only sex cells- Egg or Sperm
Abbreviation 2n 1n