1. SoLID magnet and yoke by using CLEO-II Zhiwen Zhao 2012/07

2. Introduction CLEO-II docs at https://hallaweb.jlab.org/wiki/index.php/Solid_Magnet#CLEO-II https://hallaweb.jlab.org/wiki/index.php/Solid_Magnet#CLEO-II All study were done in 2D with the Poisson Superfish program. https://hallaweb.jlab.org/wiki/index.php/Solid_Magnet#How_to_produce _the_filed_map https://hallaweb.jlab.org/wiki/index.php/Solid_Magnet#How_to_produce _the_filed_map Eugene’s study at https://userweb.jlab.org/~gen/jlab12gev/cleo_mag/ https://userweb.jlab.org/~gen/jlab12gev/cleo_mag/ Based on Eugene’s study, a design fitting both PVDIS and SIDIS/Jpsi is under work.

3. CLEO-II 3 section of coils, each one has two layers, coil total 1282 turns. This includes 166,309,166 turns per layer for section upstream, middle, downstream. The result current density in two side section are 4% higher than in the middle section, max operate current at 3266A and average current density of 1.2MA/m, this reach 1.5T field 2 collars holding 4 coil rods 3 layers of barrel yokes with spacers, in octagon 3 section of coils, each one has two layers, coil total 1282 turns. This includes 166,309,166 turns per layer for section upstream, middle, downstream. The result current density in two side section are 4% higher than in the middle section, max operate current at 3266A and average current density of 1.2MA/m, this reach 1.5T field 2 collars holding 4 coil rods 3 layers of barrel yokes with spacers, in octagon

4. From CLEO-II to SoLID (reused parts) Reuse coil and cryostat Take two layers of barrel yoke and spacer, keep the upstream ends unchanged, cut the downstream ends (75cm) to our need. Take the upstream collar unchanged, and cut the downstream collar or make a new one to satisfy the acceptance requirement. Make sure the coil rods can still be supported by two collars under axial force All other parts of yokes are new. Reuse coil and cryostat Take two layers of barrel yoke and spacer, keep the upstream ends unchanged, cut the downstream ends (75cm) to our need. Take the upstream collar unchanged, and cut the downstream collar or make a new one to satisfy the acceptance requirement. Make sure the coil rods can still be supported by two collars under axial force All other parts of yokes are new. The parts from CLEO- II is in the red box Endcap Donut Endcap Bottom Endcap Nose Collar Downstream Barrel Yoke Outer Barrel Yoke Inner Coil Collar Upstream Spacer Front Piece shield

5. From CLEO-II to SoLID (new parts) All new parts need to be customized made. But it’s unclear if they will be made of newly machined iron ($6/lb) or we can get some unused CLEO-II iron machined (cost?) We might try to use some “stock” parts to save machining cost. All new parts need to be customized made. But it’s unclear if they will be made of newly machined iron ($6/lb) or we can get some unused CLEO-II iron machined (cost?) We might try to use some “stock” parts to save machining cost. Endcap donut: 15cm thick and has 15cm clearance to HallA floor (10 feet high) Endcap bottom: two 15cm plates Endcap nose: flat at back to give clearance for SIDIS forward angle EC and has slope at front to give clearance for cherenkov. Collar downstream: 20cm thick and can be in one piece Front Piece: 30cm thick and can move along z to adjust force on coil shielding: a few 4cm thick plates with gaps in between. Endcap donut: 15cm thick and has 15cm clearance to HallA floor (10 feet high) Endcap bottom: two 15cm plates Endcap nose: flat at back to give clearance for SIDIS forward angle EC and has slope at front to give clearance for cherenkov. Collar downstream: 20cm thick and can be in one piece Front Piece: 30cm thick and can move along z to adjust force on coil shielding: a few 4cm thick plates with gaps in between. The parts from CLEO- II is in the red box Endcap Donut Endcap Bottom Endcap Nose Collar Downstream Front Piece Barrel Yoke Outer Barrel Yoke Inner Coil Collar Upstream Spacer shield

6. Acceptance PVDIS physics requires opening angle from 22 - 35 o target at z= 10cm geometry openings is 21 - 36 o clearance to endcup nose at endcup entrance (z=189cm) is 12cm for 22 o and 8cm for 21 o clearance to endcup donut at forwardangle EC back (z=370cm) is 10cm for 35 o and 5cm for 35.5 o beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 3.5 o SIDIS physics requires opening angle from 8 - 24 o, JPsi physics requires opening angle from 8 - 26 o target at z= -350cm geometry openings is 7.5 – 26.3 o clearance to endcup nose at endcup entrance (z=189cm) is 15cm for 8 o clearance to endcup nose at forwardangle EC front (z=405cm) is 15cm for 8 o beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 2 o PVDIS physics requires opening angle from 22 - 35 o target at z= 10cm geometry openings is 21 - 36 o clearance to endcup nose at endcup entrance (z=189cm) is 12cm for 22 o and 8cm for 21 o clearance to endcup donut at forwardangle EC back (z=370cm) is 10cm for 35 o and 5cm for 35.5 o beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 3.5 o SIDIS physics requires opening angle from 8 - 24 o, JPsi physics requires opening angle from 8 - 26 o target at z= -350cm geometry openings is 7.5 – 26.3 o clearance to endcup nose at endcup entrance (z=189cm) is 15cm for 8 o clearance to endcup nose at forwardangle EC front (z=405cm) is 15cm for 8 o beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 2 o PVDIS 21 o SIDIS 26 o SIDIS 8 o PVDIS 36 o SIDIS 14.7 o SIDIS 2 o PVDIS 3.5 o

7. Detector Layout (SIDIS/JPsi) BaBar setupCLEO-II setupComment Target Z (-350) L (40) Z (-350) L (40) for SIDIS Z(-350) L(15) for JPsi GEM Z(-175, -150, -119, -68, 5, 92) Rin(50,28,31.5,39,50,64) Rout(80,93,107.5,135,98,122) Z(-175,-150,-119,-68,5,92) Rin(45,26,30,37,46,58) Rout(80,93,107.5,135,98,122) Layer 1 – 4, 14.7 o - 26.3 o Layer 2-6 7.5 o - 15.5 o Large angle EC Z (-65.5, -15.5) Rin (82) Rout (141) Z (-65, -15) Rin (75, 88) Rout (140, 140) 50cm long module cover 14.7 o - 26.3 o at front (SIDIS) Cover ??? o - ??? o at front (JPsi) absorber Z(95,220) Rin(30,45) Rout(40,75) Z(100,180) Rin(16,19) Rout(50,60) In front of endcap nose, 80cm thick lead Lightgas Cherenkov Z(97,200,225,301) Rin(62,78,82,90) Rout(127,142,160,265) Z(97,194,209,301) Rin(58,65,67,85) Rout(127,144,155,265) same length 204cm, covers 7.5 o – 14.7 o SCZ(304)removedDon’t need anymore Heavygas Cherenkov Z(306,396) Rin(96,104) Rout(265,265) Z(306,396) Rin(86,98) Rout(265,265) same length 90cm covers 7.5 o - 15 o MRPC Z(398) Rin (115) Rout (195) Z(400) Rin (99) Rout (201) 1cm thick covers 7.5 o - 15 o Forward angel EC Z(400,450) Rin (120) Rout (202) Z(405,455) Rin (100,100) Rout (215,215) 50cm long module, covers 7.5 o - 15 o Space at backsomeZ(450,485) 30cm for EC readout and other room if needed Beamline upstream Z(-675,-375) Rin(1.22,1.22) Rout(1.25,1.25) No change Beamline downstream Z(-325,500) Rin(1.7,28.9) Rout(1.8,29.0) match endcap nose opening Unit in cm, coil center at z=0Red for change

8. BaBar setupCLEO-II setupcomment Target Z (10) L (40) Z (10) L (40) Cherenkov can’t have target further upstream baffle Z(40,68,96,124,152,180) Rin(3.9,15.3,26.6,37.9,49.2,60.4) Rout(34.7,54.3,73.8,93.3,112.8,132.0) No change 9cm thick lead plates needs study GEM Z (157.5,185.5,306,321) Rin(55,65,105,115) Rout (115,140,200,215) Z (157.5,185.5,306,315) Rin(56,67,113,117) Rout (108,129,215,222) 0.5cm thick covers 21 o - 36 o Cherenkov Z(200,225,301) Rin(78,82,90) Rout(142,160,265) Z(194,209,301) Rin(65,67,85) Rout(144,155,265) Use the same back chamber from SIDIS lightgas Cherenkov, length 107cm (6 cm more), covers 21 o – 36 o Forward angel EC Z(325,375) Rin (110) Rout (265) Z(320,370) Rin (118) Rout (261) 50cm long module, covers 21 o – 36 o Space at backsomeZ(371,485) 114cm for EC readout and other room needed Beamline upstream Z(-675,-15) Rin(1.22,1.22) Rout(1.25,1.25) Beamline downstream Z(35,500) Rin(1.4,28.9) Rout(1.5,29.0) match endcap nose opening Detector Layout (PVDIS) Unit in cm, coil center at z=0 Red for change

9. Field The radial field Br can reach a few thousand gauss where PVDIS GEM are.

10. Bz along beam SoLID BaBar total current 5119200A, CLEO-II total current 4187012A (current 3266A in 1282 turn). Their length is about same, so the current density is 20% less for CLEO-II CLEO-II can still reach 1.48T similar to SoLID BaBar But SoLID CLEO only reaches 1.38T, due to large opening, asymmetric yoke design could ask if CLEO-II can run higher current (unlikely)? According to Eugene, the field integral dropped about 20% comparing to BaBar, PVDIS baffle needs to be optimized accordingly. SoLID BaBar total current 5119200A, CLEO-II total current 4187012A (current 3266A in 1282 turn). Their length is about same, so the current density is 20% less for CLEO-II CLEO-II can still reach 1.48T similar to SoLID BaBar But SoLID CLEO only reaches 1.38T, due to large opening, asymmetric yoke design could ask if CLEO-II can run higher current (unlikely)? According to Eugene, the field integral dropped about 20% comparing to BaBar, PVDIS baffle needs to be optimized accordingly. Eugene’s reproduction of CLEO-II SoLID CLEO SoLID BaBar

11. field in endcup B > 100G B at nominal Cherenkov photon sensor location are around 120G and 50G B at SIDIS forward angle EC photon sensor location is below 100G B at PVDIS forward angle EC photon sensor location is below 500G B at nominal Cherenkov photon sensor location are around 120G and 50G B at SIDIS forward angle EC photon sensor location is below 100G B at PVDIS forward angle EC photon sensor location is below 500G

12. saturation in Iron Most of saturation (B>2T) is at the endcup nose, we might use iron with more field tolerance. The physics acceptance is still 8-15cm away from the tip. The worry is when current changes, magnetic force balance may change too. Eugene shows when current ramps up, the force change by quadratically and the force on coil doesn’t change sign. Most of saturation (B>2T) is at the endcup nose, we might use iron with more field tolerance. The physics acceptance is still 8-15cm away from the tip. The worry is when current changes, magnetic force balance may change too. Eugene shows when current ramps up, the force change by quadratically and the force on coil doesn’t change sign. B > 2T B > 2T, zoom-in

13. Force on coil unit in tupstreammiddledownstreamtotal inner 2piFz154.13.6-159.1-1.4 outer 2piFz154.73.5-159.6-1.4 Total 2piFz308.87.1-318.7-2.4 inner Fr/radian87.9170.287.2345.3 outer Fr/radian24.854.524.2103.5 Total Fr/radian112.7224.7111.4448.8 Axial force on coil and cell cylinder are squeezing from both sides and it can be balanced under 10t. could leave some net force to avoid accidental force direction change. Preferred direction is negative so upstream collar (unchanged from CLEO-II) can take the force (?) Moving the frontcup piece in z to adjust force (moving upstream, the positive force increase, vice verse.) with gradient 3-5t/cm (It’s very sensitive) Radial force are on the Aluminum shell cylinder From Eugene “If all the force goes to the shell, the azimuthal tension is about 30MPa. The yield limit of aluminum is about 100MPa (to be verified for 4°K)”100MPa Axial force on coil and cell cylinder are squeezing from both sides and it can be balanced under 10t. could leave some net force to avoid accidental force direction change. Preferred direction is negative so upstream collar (unchanged from CLEO-II) can take the force (?) Moving the frontcup piece in z to adjust force (moving upstream, the positive force increase, vice verse.) with gradient 3-5t/cm (It’s very sensitive) Radial force are on the Aluminum shell cylinder From Eugene “If all the force goes to the shell, the azimuthal tension is about 30MPa. The yield limit of aluminum is about 100MPa (to be verified for 4°K)”100MPa 6.3 -316.5305.4 frontcup

14. Force on yoke (axial force only) 110.2 122.9. 4 2piFz (unit in t) represents the axial force integrated over the whole part in 2pi. positive direction in black, negative direction in Red The opposite force meets at two locations where the endcup connects. Some analysis of potential problems with the coil and yoke mechanical integrity should be done. Not sure how to calculate the radial force yet. 2piFz (unit in t) represents the axial force integrated over the whole part in 2pi. positive direction in black, negative direction in Red The opposite force meets at two locations where the endcup connects. Some analysis of potential problems with the coil and yoke mechanical integrity should be done. Not sure how to calculate the radial force yet. 0.78.1 108.6 171.2 -238.4 -119.2 -20.3 -269.0 -79.6 38.9 165.5 0.7 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.008

15. Yoke weight 154 195 33 21 7.4 17 4.4 57 30 10.4 40 12.5 2 2 2 6 5 assume steel density is 7.9g/cm3, weight unit is in t material from CLEO-II 376t new material 200t ($2.7M if assume $6/lb machined iron) total 576t assume steel density is 7.9g/cm3, weight unit is in t material from CLEO-II 376t new material 200t ($2.7M if assume $6/lb machined iron) total 576t

16. Fringe field at SIDIS pol He3 target location Multilayer of iron plates and gaps have good shielding effect The distance between first shielding plate to the target coil is a few cm. pol He3 holding field is 25G and we need field gradient below 100mG/cm We need some correction coil Multilayer of iron plates and gaps have good shielding effect The distance between first shielding plate to the target coil is a few cm. pol He3 holding field is 25G and we need field gradient below 100mG/cm We need some correction coil Z (cm)Bz(G)Br(G)dBz/dr (mG/cm) dBr/dz (mG/cm) dBz/dz (mG/cm) dBr/dr (mG/cm) -33046.10.740 1500744 -35027.30.312 500288 -37019.10.144300142 Pol He3 target 2 Helmholtz coils Longitudinal R=75.8cm Vertical R=66.7cm

17. Add a pair correction coil at the same position of longitudinal coil with current -3465A and -645A Both field and field gradient are under control It can be tweaked further No effect on the force on coil Add a pair correction coil at the same position of longitudinal coil with current -3465A and -645A Both field and field gradient are under control It can be tweaked further No effect on the force on coil Z (cm)Bz(G)Br(G)dBz/dr (mG/cm) dBr/dz (mG/cm) dBz/dz (mG/cm) dBr/dr (mG/cm) -330-0.40.1142 170-106 -3501.60.0577-10054 -3700.80.0844164-81 Pol He3 target 2 Helmholtz coils Longitudinal R=75.8cm Vertical R=66.7cm Fringe field at SIDIS pol He3 target location (with correction coil)

18. Change from SIDIS to PVDIS (or Vice Versa) Within coil – take out SIDIS GEM, large angle EC, collimator and front chamber of SIDIS light gas Cherenkov, then put in PVDIS GEM and baffle. – They all are need different supporting structure. Within endcup – keep the back chamber of SIDIS light gas Cherenkov unchanged, remove heavy gas Cherenkov, remove MRPC, add PVDIS GEM, then move forward angle EC upstream and add large angle EC module to enlarge radius coverage. – light gas Cherenkov supporting structure unchanged. heavy gas Cherenkov structure removed, MRPC and Gem may share supporting structure, PVDIS EC and SIDIS EC should share supporting structure and be movable. Within coil – take out SIDIS GEM, large angle EC, collimator and front chamber of SIDIS light gas Cherenkov, then put in PVDIS GEM and baffle. – They all are need different supporting structure. Within endcup – keep the back chamber of SIDIS light gas Cherenkov unchanged, remove heavy gas Cherenkov, remove MRPC, add PVDIS GEM, then move forward angle EC upstream and add large angle EC module to enlarge radius coverage. – light gas Cherenkov supporting structure unchanged. heavy gas Cherenkov structure removed, MRPC and Gem may share supporting structure, PVDIS EC and SIDIS EC should share supporting structure and be movable.

19. Change Yoke from SIDIS to PVDIS (?) By moving 90cm long section of endcup donut and nose (flat part) away. Advantage: If forward angle EC photon sensor need to be outside of yoke, it’s shorter distance for fibers go through. If Heavy gas Cherekov supporting on this part of endcup donut, it can be simply moved away. Concerns: the coil axial force become -1.2t comparing to -3.7tfor SIDIS, the change is only 2t but could be a problem if it changes sign. Force on endcup part will change also. Field mapping need to be redone. By moving 90cm long section of endcup donut and nose (flat part) away. Advantage: If forward angle EC photon sensor need to be outside of yoke, it’s shorter distance for fibers go through. If Heavy gas Cherekov supporting on this part of endcup donut, it can be simply moved away. Concerns: the coil axial force become -1.2t comparing to -3.7tfor SIDIS, the change is only 2t but could be a problem if it changes sign. Force on endcup part will change also. Field mapping need to be redone.

20. Beamline Consideration Moller electrons for PVDIS, SIDIS He3 target and JPsi For SIDIS proton target setup, there are – synchrotron radiation around 3 o due to chicane before target (need shielding) – Bremsstrahlung around 1.5 o due to 5T target field. (within beamline) – Moller electrons are bended around 4 o (need shielding) Moller electrons for PVDIS, SIDIS He3 target and JPsi For SIDIS proton target setup, there are – synchrotron radiation around 3 o due to chicane before target (need shielding) – Bremsstrahlung around 1.5 o due to 5T target field. (within beamline) – Moller electrons are bended around 4 o (need shielding) PVDIS beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 3.5 o SIDIS beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 2 o PVDIS beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 3.5 o SIDIS beamline opening angle at endcup bottom is 2 o

21. Summary Overall we have a preliminary design Baffle needs to be revisited Need input and check from all sub-systems It’s good to have more engineering input