1. CHAPTER 9 – CRIMES AGAINST PERSON

2. CRIMINAL HOMICIDE  Malice – having the intent to kill or seriously harm another person or acting in an extremely reckless manner that shoes a lack of regard for human life  At one time, there were no degrees of murder – any homicide done with malice was considered to be murder and was punishable by death – it was then changed to be based on killer’s state of mind or circumstances of the crime  First Degree Murder – act of killing that is premeditated and done with malice  Felony Murder – act of killing during certain felonies such as rape, arson, robbery, or burglary  Second Degree Murder – act of killing done with malice but not premeditated or deliberate  Voluntary Manslaughter – killing that would otherwise be see as murder but that occurs after the victim has done something to the killer that would cause a reasonable person to lose self-control or act rashly  Involuntary Manslaughter – killing in which there is no intent to kill at all  Negligent Homicide – causing death through criminal negligence

3. NONCRIMINAL HOMICIDE  Killing that is justifiable or excusable, and therefore the killer is deemed faultless  Examples:  Killing of an enemy soldier in wartime  Killing of a condemned criminal by an executioner  Killing by a police officer of a person who is committing a serious crime and poses a threat of death or serious harm  Killing performed in self-defense or in defense of another person

4. SUICIDE  Deliberate taking of one’s own life (once considered a crime)  However, one who helps the person commit suicide can be found guilty of the crime of murder or manslaughter  Those who attempt suicide are often required to undergo a psychological examination and receive treatment (typically counseling, medication, hotlines, and other programs)  A suicide occurs in the US every 15 minutes – teen suicide and attempted suicide are considered serious health problems  Hotlines  Covenant House Nineline: assist those in need by locating the nearest crisis service center - 1-800-999-9999  National Youth Crisis Hotline: provides guidance and support for teens in crisis – 1-800-442-HOPE (4673)  www.suicidehotlines.com – provides hotlines and prevention programs located in your community www.suicidehotlines.com

5. KIDNAPPING  Taking away a person against that person’s will  If person is taken away and crosses state lines, this act also violates federal criminal law

6. ASSAULT AND BATTERY  Assault – any attempt or threat to carry out a physical attack upon another person  Battery – unlawful physical contact inflicted by one person upon another person without consent, actual injury is not necessary  There are degrees of assault and battery and is often defined by the harm inflicted  Stalking – occurs when a person repeatedly follows or harasses another person and makes threats, causing the victim to fear death or bodily injury (called cyberstalking when it happens using electronic communications)  Bullying – a version of assault and battery in which peers or acquaintances intimidate  Sexual Assault – a wide range of victimizations from verbal threats of a sexual nature to unwanted sexual contact between the victim and the offender

7. RAPE  Rape - Sexual intercourse without consent  Statutory rape: intercourse with someone under the legal age of consent  Acquaintance rape: sexual assault by someone known to the victim  Rape laws are being replaced with criminal sexual assault where there is no consent from the victim (victim is unconscious, mentally incompetent, judgment impaired by drugs/alcohol)  Statutory rape doesn’t matter if there is consent or not, based on the notion that a minor is incapable of giving legal content – typically not prosecuted against unless “adults” make a huge deal out of it  Many victims of acquaintance rape do not report it because they do not realize an attack that occurs on a date or social encounter can in fact constitute a rape