1. List 1 fact about Earth. Agenda for Monday Nov 22 nd 1.Finish Movie 2.Layers of the Earth notes

2. Layers of Earth

3. Crust Thin, solid, outermost 1% of Earth’s mass Oceanic crust: crust beneath oceans Continental crust: makes up the continents – Less dense

4. Mantle Layer under the crust 2,900 km thick Solid and becomes more liquid

5. Core Center Outer Core = liquid layer Inner Core = solid layer

6. Earth’s Interior Earth’s interior gets warmer with depth Radioactive elements contribute to high internal temp – Nuclei break up, release energy

7. What are the layers of Earth? Agenda for Tuesday Nov 23 rd 1.Continental Drift

8. Wegener’s Hypothesis Continental drift – Earth’s surface is made up of large moving plates – Proposed by Alfred Wegener

9. Evidence for Continental Drift Fossil Evidence: fossils of the same plants and animals are found where continents were connected

10. Evidence for Continental Drift Rock Formations Evidence: ages and types of rocks on coasts of widely separated areas match

11. Evidence for Continental Drift Climatic Evidence: changes in climate suggests the continents have not always been where they are now Temp. is affected by where the continents are located – Study geologic past and see change in temps.

12. How did the continents move? Wegener thought the continents moved through the ocean floor This was disproved by other geologist

13. Sea Floor Spreading Geologist Harry Hess suggested if the sea floor is moving, the continents might be moving also Sea-floor spreading - sea floor forms as magma rises to Earth’s surface and solidifies at a mid- ocean ridge Rocks closer to mid-ocean ridge are younger than rocks farther away

15. Paleomagnetism Paleomagnetism - study of magnetism in rocks Magnetic poles reverse in an alternating pattern – Helps determine the age and that the rock forms in the middle

16. How Plates Move plate tectonics - explains how large pieces of the lithosphere, plates, move and change shape Continents and oceans are carried on moving tectonic plates Scientists have identified about 15 major plates – studying data from earthquakes and volcanoes

17. How Plates Move Convection – Heat rises and cool sinks – Hot material rises through asthenosphere (portion below lithosphere)

19. Why doesn’t the earth grow in thickness?

20. Convergent Boundary

21. The Supercontinent Movement of plates toward convergent boundaries causes continents to collide Happened about 250 million years ago – End of the Permian – mass extinction – Supercontinent Pangaea (Pangea)

22. The Supercontinent Pangea 250 million years ago Broke up into 2 continents – Gondwanaland - Africa, South America, India, Australia, and Antarctica – Laurasia - North America and Eurasia Slowly over the last 250 million years moved to where they are today

24. Future 50 million years

25. Future + 150 million years

26. Future + 250 Million Years

27. 3 types of plate movement Divergent – move apart Convergent – come together Transform – plates slide past each other

29. Homework Read 705 – 717 Questions 1 – 6 on page 708 Questions 1-3, 5, & 6 on page 717

30. List the 3 types of plate boundaries Agenda for Monday Nov 29 th 1.Plate Boundaries 2.Go over Homework 3.Relative and Absolute Age

31. Recall 3 Types of Plate Boundaries – Divergent – Convergent – Transform

32. Divergent Plates move apart – Creates a gap – New Earth is created – sea floor spreading – Mid oceanic ridge

33. Convergent Plates come together – 1 plate slides under the other – subduction Densities – Subduction of ocean crust generates volcanoes Volcanic mountains – Colliding tectonic plates create mountains

34. Transform Plates slide past each other – Crack created is called a fault – Causes earthquakes

35. Earthquakes Occur at all plate boundaries Richter scale

36. Volcanoes Convergent plate boundaries Underwater volcanoes occur at divergent plate boundaries