1. Chapter 2. From Complex Networks to Intelligent Systems in Creating Brain-Like Intelligence, Olaf Sporns Course: Robots Learning from Humans Park, John Program in History and Philosophy of Science College of Natural Science Seoul National University http://phps.snu.ac.kr

2. Contents Introduction Embodiment Embodied Cognition Embodied Interaction Embodied System Causal Relation between Sensory and Motor Interaction between Body Morphology and Brain Structure Information-Theoretic Approach Ingredients for Creating Brain-Like Intelligence Complexity of the Brain Conclusion 2

3. Introduction If our goal is to create brain-like intelligence, it is not sufficient to look at the brain in isolation. To look at brain, body, and environment together 3

4. Embodiment - Embodied Cognition 4 The notion that brain, body, and environment are dynamically interactive. To understand cognitive function is to understand the interaction.

5. Embodiment - Embodied Interaction 5 Outputs shape inputs as much as inputs shape outputs. The brain depends on embodied interactions.

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7. Embodiment - Embodied System 7 Sensorimotor coupling was unperturbed, “naturally” leading to well-coordinated behavior. Active structuring of sensory information may be a fundamental principle of embodied systems.

8. Embodiment - Causal Relation between Sensory and Motor 8 The notion of brain-body-environment interaction implicitly (or explicitly) refers to causal effects. Perception-action loops

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10. Embodiment - Interaction between Body Morphology and Brain Structure 10 Cambrian Explosion (540 Ma ago) The availability of information via a new sensor may have had numerous effects on both brain and body.

11. Embodiment - Information-Theoretic Approach 11 Using an information-theoretic measure such as complexity as a cost function Need to explore to more complex systems

12. Ingredients for Brain-Like Intelligence - Complexity of the Brain 12 The complexity of the brain in all its various dimensions is central for the capacity of the brain to generate intelligent behavior. Complexity is formalized and applied in the design of neural structures and autonomous agents.

13. Conclusion 13 Not by imitating or replicating the real brain What is needed is a new synthesis of brain, cognitive and engineering sciences to harness the complexity of biological systems for the design of a new generation of more capable brain-like intelligence.