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Construction application of the concrete

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Presentation on theme: "Construction application of the concrete"— Presentation transcript:

1 Construction application of the concrete
Highways and airfields Structural concrete Massive concrete Dams Barrages Weirs canal linings Penstocks Properties of each type of concrete are different Dr Kafeel Ahmed

2 Construction application of the concrete
Highways and airfields Dr Kafeel Ahmed

3 Construction application of the concrete
Structural concrete components Beams Columns Slabs Wall panels Bridge parts Dr Kafeel Ahmed

4 Structural concrete components
Dr Kafeel Ahmed

5 Bridge parts Dr Kafeel Ahmed

6 Massive concrete 1.Barrages 2.Weirs Dr Kafeel Ahmed

7 Massive concrete 3.Canals 4.Dams Dr Kafeel Ahmed

8 Structure of the concrete
Level of observation Macro level Meso level Micro level Dr Kafeel Ahmed

9 Structure of the concrete
Macro level Concrete is considered as one Material Dr Kafeel Ahmed

10 Structure of the concrete
Meso level Dr Kafeel Ahmed

11 Structure of the concrete
Meso level Concrete is considered as Material consisting of Cement sand matrix Coarse aggregates Cracks ITZ [interfacial transition zone] Dr Kafeel Ahmed

12 Structure of the concrete
Micro level Concrete is considered as Material consisting of C-S-H C-H K-C-S-H CaCO3 Dr Kafeel Ahmed

13 Products of Hydration Backscattered electron image (SEM) of the C3S paste hydrated for 24 h. Magnification: 250·. Backscattered electron image (SEM) of the alite paste hydrated for 1 month. Magnification: 250·. [Knut O. Kjellsen a,*, Harald Justnes Norcem AS, R&D Department, N-3950 Brevik, Norway SINTEF, Civil and Environmental Engineering, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway] Dr Kafeel Ahmed

14 Functional Constituents of concrete
Binder: That binds the fillers together Fillers: The occupy the space and chemically inert Secondary Binder: They perform their function after the hydration Hydration agent and lubricant: Required for hydration reaction Friction reducers: The increase the distance between binder particles Mineral admixtures: To optimize the packing of particles Dr Kafeel Ahmed

15 Functional Constituents of concrete
1.Cement: Reacts with water to produce binding gel C3S + H2O+C3A+Ca(SO4) C-S-H+ CH+ C3A3CaSO432H2O C2S+ H2O+C3A+Ca(SO4) C-S-H + CH+ C3A3CaSO432H2O Ettringinite Dr Kafeel Ahmed

16 Functional Constituents of concrete
Products of Hydration Calcium Silicate Hydrate Gel C-S-H Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Ettringnite C3A3CaSO432H2O Advanced concrete technology John Newman Dr Kafeel Ahmed

17 Functional Constituents of concrete
Fillers: Coarse Aggregates Fine Aggregates Dr Kafeel Ahmed

18 Functional Constituents of concrete
Coarse Aggregates: Particles retained on ASTM sieve No 4 Crushed rock particles Dr Kafeel Ahmed

19 Functional Constituents of concrete
Coarse Aggregates: Particles retained on ASTM sieve No 4 2.River run gravels www. or.water.usgs.gov Dr Kafeel Ahmed

20 Functional Constituents of concrete
Mineral Nature Limestone Limestone dolomite Shale: Gabbros Basalt Dr Kafeel Ahmed

21 Functional Constituents of concrete
Limestone: Sedimentary rocks Limestone dolomite: Sedimentary rocks www. horton.ednet.ns.ca www. sciencenetlinks.com Dr Kafeel Ahmed

22 Functional Constituents of concrete
Shale/ Marble: Metamorphic rocks www. geophysics.ou.edu Dr Kafeel Ahmed

23 Functional Constituents of concrete
Gabbros: Igneous Basalt: Igneous www. videojug.com www. buzzle.com Dr Kafeel Ahmed

24 Functional Constituents of concrete
Gabbros: Extrusive mafic volcanic rock www. volcano.oregonstate.edu www. geology.about.com Dr Kafeel Ahmed

25 Functional Constituents of concrete
Basalt: Intrusive mafic volcanic rock www. itc.gsw.edu www. meteorites.wustl.edu Dr Kafeel Ahmed

26 Functional Constituents of concrete
Fine Aggregates: Naturally crushed rock i.e Sand Scanning electron microscopic image of sand particles Dr Kafeel Ahmed

27 Functional Constituents of concrete
Fine Aggregates: Naturally crushed rock i.e Sand Coarse Sand Fine Sand www. scottbros.com Dr Kafeel Ahmed

28 Functional Constituents of concrete
Hydration agent and lubricant: Water It is expressed as a ratio of cement. Water fit for drinking is fit for concrete ACI2009 It reacts with cement It lubricates the coarse and fine aggregates Hence reduce the friction Improve the workability of concrete Workability: It is the workdone required to produce full compaction with minimum loss of homogenity. Dr Kafeel Ahmed

29 Functional Constituents of concrete
Secondary Binders: They don't react with water These materials react with CH They form secondary silicate hydrates K-C-S-H These hydrates are strong and tough Dr Kafeel Ahmed

30 Functional Constituents of concrete
Secondary Binders: 1.Micro Silica Scanning electron microscopy of condensed silica fume SFI Chai Jaturapitakkul*, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Vanchai Sata, Theerarach Leekeeratikul Department of Civil Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand Dr Kafeel Ahmed

31 Functional Constituents of concrete
Properties: Surface area: Silica fumes due to very large surface area (15000 m2/kg)and high concentration of SiO2(about 92%) are highly reactive.[1] 2. Size: There can be 50,000 to 100,000 particles of silica fumes per cement particle. Dr Kafeel Ahmed

32 Functional Constituents of concrete
Properties: 3. Thixotropy: Silica fumes concrete is thixotropic due to ball bearing effect of spherical shaped particles. 4. Reactivity: Increases the rate of hydration of C3S fraction of cement (Andrija 1986) Dr Kafeel Ahmed

33 Functional Constituents of concrete
Secondary Binders: 2. Flyash Scanning electron microscopy of original fly ash. Chai Jaturapitakkul*, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Vanchai Sata, Theerarach Leekeeratikul Department of Civil Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand Dr Kafeel Ahmed

34 Types of Fly Ash Type Specific Area Activity Particle Shape m2/kg
Coarse Highly Crystalline Irregular Fly ash Medium Medium Glassy Combination Fine Highly Glassy Spherical [Chai Jaturapitakkul*, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Vanchai Sata, Theerarach Leekeeratikul Department of Civil Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand] Dr Kafeel Ahmed

35 Functional Constituents of concrete
Secondary Binders: 3-Ground granulated blast furnace slag [GGBS] Produced during the extraction of pig iron Through the blast furnace Dr Kafeel Ahmed

36 Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS
Vibro mill produed sample Ball mill produced sample Ball mill sample with grinding Assistant Air flow mill produced sample Huiwen Wan*, Zhonghe Shui, Zongshou Lin School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, , PR China Received 7 November 2002; accepted 17 July 2003 Dr Kafeel Ahmed

37 Properties of GGBS Concrete
1. Water demand: Reduced water demand (smooth surface textured GGBS particles attach to the cement grain retarding early hydration hence enhance flluidity) 2. Stiffening time: Increased stiffening time 3. Bleeding:Increased probability of bleeding Dr Kafeel Ahmed

38 Properties of GGBS Concrete
4. Form work pressure:Increased form work pressure 5. Curing periods:Longer curing periods 6. Thermal cracking:Reduced thermal cracking Dr Kafeel Ahmed

39 Constituents of GGBS in comparason with OPC
Oxides OPC % GGBS % CaO SiO Al2O Fe2O MgO SO K2O Na2O Advanced concrete technology John Newman Dr Kafeel Ahmed

40 Hydration mechanism OPC+water C-S-H+Ca(OH)2 NaOH KOH
GGBS+Ca(OH)2 C-(N,K)-S-H Advanced concrete technology John Newman Dr Kafeel Ahmed

41 Functional Constituents of concrete
4.Metakaolin www. hpcbridgeviews.com Dr Kafeel Ahmed

42 Functional Constituents of concrete
Micro filler: Quartz Sand: Size m-6 Dr Kafeel Ahmed

43 Functional Constituents of concrete
Micro filler: Quartz powder: Size 1-10 m-6 www. tradekorea.com Dr Kafeel Ahmed

44 Functional Constituents of concrete
High range water reducers/ Admixtures Dr Kafeel Ahmed

45 Functional Constituents of concrete
Admixtures Types depending upon function Plasticizer Superplasticizer Types depending upon origin Lignin based Coal tar or petroleum based Dr Kafeel Ahmed

46 Functional Constituents of concrete
Processing Sulphonation[With concentrated sulphuric acid] Polymerization[to improve properties] Neutralization[with salts to have ionic effect] Dr Kafeel Ahmed

47 Functional Constituents of concrete
Basic Types 1.Sulphonated melamine fomaldehyde(SMF). 2.Sulphonated naphthalene fomaldehyde(SNF). 3.Poly carboxilate ether chains(PCE)Third generation Dr Kafeel Ahmed

48 General Proportioning
Dr Kafeel Ahmed

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