1. Structure and Replication of DNA

2. OBJECTIVES Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule Summarize the events of DNA replication Learn how to extract your own DNA

3. MAJOR DISCOVERIES FOR DNA Griffith Genetic information could be transferred from one bacterium to another Avery Nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next Hershey-Chase Genetic material was DNA, not protein ChargaffA=TG =C Franklin, Watson, & Crick DNA’s shape is a double helix

4. DNA-THE BIG PICTURE gene video

5. OBJECTIVES Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule Summarize the events of DNA replication Learn how to extract your own DNA

6. MACROMOLECULES-POLYMERIZATION Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.  The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers. ~”Mono” = one ~”Poly” = many  Monomers may be identical ~like the links on a metal watch band  Monomers may be different ~like the beads in a multicolored necklace

7. TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES  Four groups of organic compounds (macromolecules) found in living things are: ~carbohydrates ~lipids ~nucleic acids ~proteins  Sometimes these organic compounds are referred to as biomolecules

8. NUCLEIC ACIDS (GENETICS!!) Nucleic acids are macromolecules/polymers containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.  Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information  There are two kinds of nucleic acids: -ribonucleic acid (RNA) -deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

9. NUCLEIC ACIDS-STRUCTURE The monomers or “building blocks” of nucleic acids are called nucleotides Nucleotides consist of three parts: -5-carbon sugar -phosphate group -nitrogenous base

10. DNA/RNA-STRUCTURE Four nitrogenous bases for DNA Nucleotide RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA = Ribonucleic Acid

11. DNA/RNA STRUCTURE A always pairs with T (or U if RNA) G always pairs with C Connected by a hydrogen bond RNA Structure

13. OBJECTIVES Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule Summarize the events of DNA replication Learn how to extract your own DNA

14. DNA REPLICATION EduSmart video – see pages 295-299