1. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Gagnon DH, Babineau A, Champagne A, Desroches G, Aissaoui R. Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(5):789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168JSP Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury Dany H. Gagnon, PT, PhD; Annie-Claude Babineau; Audrey Champagne; Guillaume Desroches, PhD; Rachid Aissaoui, Eng PhD

2. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Gagnon DH, Babineau A, Champagne A, Desroches G, Aissaoui R. Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(5):789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168JSP Aim – Quantify effects of 5 distinct slopes on spatiotemporal and pushrim kinetic measures at nondominant upper limb during manual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion on motorized treadmill in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Relevance – Most people with SCI will not regain sensorimotor capabilities needed to walk independently or efficiently and must learn to use an MWC.

3. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Gagnon DH, Babineau A, Champagne A, Desroches G, Aissaoui R. Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(5):789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168JSP Method 18 participants with SCI propelled MWC at self- selected natural speed on treadmill at different slopes (0 , 2.7 , 3.6 , 4.8 , and 7.1  ). Spatiotemporal parameters, total force, and tangential components of force applied to pushrim (including mechanical effective force) were calculated using instrumented wheel.

4. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Gagnon DH, Babineau A, Champagne A, Desroches G, Aissaoui R. Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(5):789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168JSP Results Duration of recovery phase: – 54% to ­70% faster as slope increased. – Duration of push phase remained similar. Initial and total contact angles: – Migrated forward on pushrim. Final contact angle: – Similar and higher for slopes greater than 0 . Mean total force as slope increased: – 93% to 201% higher. Mean tangential component of force: – 96% to 176% higher than no-slope propulsion. 2.7  and 3.6  had similar measures.

5. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Gagnon DH, Babineau A, Champagne A, Desroches G, Aissaoui R. Pushrim biomechanical changes with progressive increases in slope during motorized treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(5):789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0168JSP Conclusion Overall, recovery phase became shorter and forces applied at pushrim became greater as slope of treadmill increased during motorized treadmill MWC propulsion.