1. Infection. Pathogenicity and virulence of microorganisms. Types of infection. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

2. Infection is the active penetration of pathogenic microorganism into the host organism. In result of penetration infectious process is developed.

3. The main properties of pathogen 1. Pathogenicity 2. Infectivity 3. Communicability 4. Adhesiveness 5. Invasiveness 6. Toxigenicity 1.

4. Adherence factors Adhesins of the microorganisms: 1. Fimbriae and adhesive pili 2. Capsule 3. Peptidoglycane 4. Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids 5. Fatty acids 6. A-protein (S.aureus) and M-protein (S.pyogenes) 7. Ligands

6. Pathogenicity factors: Invasion factors 1. Hyaluronidase 2. Lecithinase 3. Deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease 4. Fibrinolysine 5. Plasmocoagulase 6. Collagenase 7. Hemolysins 8. Elastase 9. IgA protease 10. Leukocidins

8. Pathogenicity factors:Toxins Toxin is a specific substance, often a metabolic product of microorganism, that damages the host. Classification: 1. Endotoxin 2. Exotoxin

9. Classification of exotoxins Cytotoxins (enterotoxins and dermatonecrotoxins) Neurotoxins Membranotoxins Miscellaneous group

10. Infectious process Infectious process is a complex of physiological, adaptive and pathological changes that arise in the host organism due to infection

11. Infectious disease Infectious disease is any change from a state of health in which part or all of the host body is not able of carrying on its normal functions due to presence of a parasite or its products

12. Phases of infectious disease 1. Incubation period 2. Prodromal period 3. The period of illness 4. Outcome of disease

13. Outcome of infectious disease The outcome of infectious disease may be: 1. The recovery 2. The formation of convalescent carrying 3. The persistence of pathogen in the host 4. The death

14. Mechanisms and types of infection transmission The main types of infection transmission are by: Inhalation (air-borne transmission)

15. Mechanisms and types of infection transmission Ingestion (waterborne, food borne, and hand borne transmission) and poor sanitation

16. Mechanisms and types of infection transmission Inoculation

17. Mechanisms and types of infection transmission Contact (contact transmission) Direct contact Indirect contact Sexual intercourse

18. Mechanisms and types of infection transmission Biting of blood sucking insects (vector borne transmission)

19. Mechanisms and types of infection transmission Person-to-person through the placenta (congenital transmission)

20. Classification of the infections Manifested infection Atypical infection Inapparent infection Endogenous infection (autoinfection) Exogenous infection Acute infection (till 3 months) Chronic infection (after 6 months) Persistent infection (years)

21. Classification of the infections Primary infection Secondary infection Mixed infection Reinfection Super infection Pandemic Epidemic Endemic Sporadic