1. Synapses Synapses-how neurons talk to other cells

2. Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle (including vascular) Cardiac muscle NeuronTarget Cells Adrenal gland Salivary gland Lacrimal gland Pancreas

14. Low Ca 2+

17. 4-AP changes Ca 2+ release by changing action potential duration

34. Other kinds of synapses Autonomic motor neuron synapses onto smooth muscle: In this case there is no neuromuscular junction. Instead, the nerve fibers essentially passes "close" to the smooth muscle cells and releases the neurotransmitter (which is not restricted to acetylcholine) from swellings in the fiber, called varicosities. The neurotransmitter released from the varicosity has a considerably longer distance to travel than the acetylcholine released at an NMJ does. In addition, the neurotransmitter can bind to any one of the nearby smooth muscle cells, a flexibility not found in the NMJ. Smooth muscles can respond in a graded fashion.

35. Ribbon synapses