1. Green Ash Fraxinus Pennsylvanica By David Marquardt

2. Classification(1) Kingdom: Plantae SubkingdomTracheobionta Class: Eudicots Order: Lamiales Family: Oleaceae Genus: Fraxinus Species: F. pennsylvanica

3. Shape, Form and Leaves (2) Tends to be 40 feet high Has a near 2 foot diameter trunk Has a round top with branches that droop back towards the ground The leaves are opposite and compound Leaflets are arranged pinnately and can be 6-10 inches long Leaves have coarse teeth and are somewhat glossy. Figure 1

4. Bark and Twigs (2) The bark is gray or tan It has a tightly furrowed diamond pattern in its bark The trunk can 100 cm wide making this a medium to large tree The twigs upper surface of the leaf scar is flat or slightly notched Figure 2 Figure 3

5. Habitat and Range (3) The Green Ash covers a wide area from Florida to Texas and all the way to Nova Scotia and Alberta The Ash grows best in a humid climate with 15 to 60 inches of rain Average high and low temperatures are 80 degrees to 0 degrees It is most commonly found on alluvial plains near rivers and grows naturally in lowlands Figure 4

6. Bud, Fruit, and Flower (2) The bud remains small in about two weeks it blossoms. Flowers are small and inconspicuous They appear all over the outer part of the crown It takes 2-3 days to release the pollen The fruit has a single wing and turns a light brown when mature The wing travels only short distances by air but can travel very far on water Figure 5 Figure 6

7. Uses (3) This is a largely ornamental tree. It is sold mostly in the south although it can grow throughout the United States It is also used in tool handles and baseball bats Figure 7

8. Bibliography Internet sources – 1Nursery Trees.com. 2007. Plant guide. http://www.nurserytrees.com/Plant_Guide/Plant Guide_green_ash.htm http://www.nurserytrees.com/Plant_Guide/Plant Guide_green_ash.htm – 2Richard Keim. 2003. Green ash. http://www.fwf.lsu.edu/plantid/webtour/species/gre enash/greenash.htm http://www.fwf.lsu.edu/plantid/webtour/species/gre enash/greenash.htm – 3Harvey Kennedy Jr. Green Ash. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manu al/volume_2/fraxinus/pennsylvanica.htm http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manu al/volume_2/fraxinus/pennsylvanica.htm

9. Bibliography (cont.) Picture Sources – Figure 1 Texas Forest service. 2008. Green ash. http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/TreeDetails/?id=43 http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/TreeDetails/?id=43 – Figure 2 Steven J. Baskauf. 2002. Fraxinus Pennsylvanica. http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/biohires/f/hfrpe-- brlarge13406.JPG http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/biohires/f/hfrpe-- brlarge13406.JPG – Figure 3 Steven Baskauf. 2002. Faxinus Pennsylvanica, twig. http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_SB/0174/320/Fraxinus_pen nsylvanica,Twig,I_SB17457.jpg http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_SB/0174/320/Fraxinus_pen nsylvanica,Twig,I_SB17457.jpg – Figure 4 Harvey Kennedy Jr. Green Ash. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/f raxinus/pennsylvanica.htm http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/f raxinus/pennsylvanica.htm

10. Bibliography (cont.) – Figure 5 Dave Hanson. Tree identification. http://www.mntca.org/images/photos/resources /treeid/dec_opp_ash_green/ph_ash_green_lrg_ 08.jpg http://www.mntca.org/images/photos/resources /treeid/dec_opp_ash_green/ph_ash_green_lrg_ 08.jpg – Figure 6 Adam Agosta. 2003. Green Ash. http://www.fwf.lsu.edu/plantid/webtour/species /greenash/images/FRApe71a_web.jpg http://www.fwf.lsu.edu/plantid/webtour/species /greenash/images/FRApe71a_web.jpg – Figure 7Steven Wright. 2007. Green Ash. http://www.fwf.lsu.edu/plantid/webtour/species /greenash/greenash.htm http://www.fwf.lsu.edu/plantid/webtour/species /greenash/greenash.htm