1. Learning Objects In Different Pedagogical Paradigms Albert Ip Prof. Iain Morrison

2. Blind men & the elephant John Godfrey Saxe's ( 1816-1887) version of the famous Indian legend

3. How do we use in different learning paradigms? Who is “we”? “What” is used? “How” “what” is used by “we”?

4. Some pedagogical paradigms

5. Tutorial, Drill and Practice a tutorial environment a testing/assessment environment Reuse unit: –items –tests

6. Case Method A teaching case is a story describing, or based on, actual events, that justifies careful study and analysis by students discussion-based and experiential Reuse Unit –teaching case

7. Goal-based learning simulations in which there is a problem to resolve, or a mission to complete. require learners to assume the main role in the resolution of the problem or the pursuit of their mission Reuse Unit –scenario –Supporting experience

8. Learning by designing core learning activity is the design of an artifact. practice-based disciplines (engineering & architecture) Reuse Unit –none

9. Web-based role-play simulation learners take on the role-profiles of specific characters in a contrived educational game (Linser, Naidu, & Ip, 1999) acquire the intended learning outcomes & make learning enjoyable Reuse Unit –scenario, role descriptions –resources

10. Distributed problem-based learning exemplifies authentic learning and emphasizes solving problems in rich contexts Reuse Unit –problems

11. Critical incident-based computer supported learning A critical incident (from the workplace) presents a learner with a learning opportunity to reflect in and on action. Reuse Unit –none learning support needed

12. Rule-based simulation Microworlds, or computer simulations of restricted environments Reuse Unit –agents in microworlds

13. Exploratory Learning Through the process of discovery, or guided discovery, the student learns facts, concepts, and procedures. Reuse Unit –resources and related metadata description for discovering the resources

14. Cognitive tool learn “with” interactive learning tools Reuse unit –tools

15. Resource-based Learning Environment emphasizes a transformation of meaning through learner-centered, system-facilitated action Reuse unit –resources

16. Summary

17. Types of resources specifically written up reading material resources originally created for other purposes multimedia resource ( content, situations and authority ) structured resources (together with interactivity) special software

18. Learning resources Teachin g resourc es Reading materials Multimedia Interactive Content News & other NEF resources Generic rendering Software tools Specia l renderi ng Learn “with” computer Learn “from” computer

19. Learning Objects Resource + Rendering Embedd ed “Found” Learning NEF

20. Attaching LOM does not make a digital entity a “learning object”! Metadata is for “resource discovery” Attaching Metadata to a resource may make the resource a “learning resource” - “found”

21. Rendering a digital entity does not make “learning object”! Rendering enables “interaction” with a resource Rendering may promote a resource to an object

22. Educational resource may NOT be learning resource Teacher resource is educational resource Teacher resource is NOT learning resource

23. Learn from with via Computer Learning objects Software tools Communication (peer learners)

24. ????????????????? John Godfrey Saxe's ( 1816-1887) version of the famous Indian legend