1.  Your name  Things you enjoy about/ or are good at in English  Things you find the most challenging in English  Your expectations for this year (include approximate study score you want)  Things you like teachers to do to help you  Your name  Things you enjoy about/ or are good at in English  Things you find the most challenging in English  Your expectations for this year (include approximate study score you want)  Things you like teachers to do to help you

2. TRUE OR FALSE  1. Ernest Hemingway writes in a very emotive style.  2. This book shows that there is never anything good about war.  3. This book shows that human beings cannot endure horrors for too long without cracking.  4. This book is boring and depressing and there is no point in reading it.  1. Ernest Hemingway writes in a very emotive style.  2. This book shows that there is never anything good about war.  3. This book shows that human beings cannot endure horrors for too long without cracking.  4. This book is boring and depressing and there is no point in reading it.

3. THE GREAT WAR?

4. Historical context  The first world war was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.  Fearing that Austria and Germany would use this as an excuse to start a war, many countries across Europe formed alliances to defend themselves against what they saw as a great and terrifying threat.  The first world war was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.  Fearing that Austria and Germany would use this as an excuse to start a war, many countries across Europe formed alliances to defend themselves against what they saw as a great and terrifying threat.

6. War hysteria spread through Europe and beyond...

7. Propaganda posters appealed to people’s pride and patriotism.

11. Men who didn’t enlist in the army were sometimes sent a white feather in the mail.This was a way of calling them cowards.

13. Young men rushed to join the army. Proud to defend their country

19. This was the first war in which modern weapons were used, such as tanks, poison gas and aeroplanes and airships

20. It was also a war fought in appalling conditions. It rained nearly constantly and the wounded were forced to crawl their way across fields covered in animal manure. Wounds quickly became infected and diseases were rife.

25. the war was largely fought by infantrymen using rifles, bayonets and hand grenades in the trenches - the underground network of passages that became muddy, waterlogged and bitterly cold for months on end.

32. For many men, The harsh reality of life in the trenches was too much. They began to doubt the greatness and glory of the war they had once believed in so strongly

35. And still the horrors continued..

36. PEOPLE WERE INITIALLY TOLD THAT THE WAR, “WOULD BE OVER BY CHRISTMAS.” BUT IT LASTED FOR 4 YEARS. AND 15 MILLION SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS DIED

42. Endurance How do human beings cope with such horrors? What do they tell themselves? What do they focus on/ talk about? What things become the most important? How long do you think this can last? At what point do you think it becomes impossible to maintain hope?

43. At first, Italy was involved in the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria - Hungary up until 1914. Then Italy switched to the allies in 1915, in order to gain territory from Austria - Hungary. The Italy - Austro - Hungarian conflict, caused over 450,000 to be killed and 900,000 wounded on the Italian side alone. The United States were neutral for the majority of the war. They did not join until 1917. The year before armistice. (The declaration of peace.) Hemingway’s novel opens in 1916, half way through the war. HOW DOES ALL THIS INFORMATION INFLUENCE YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF FREDERIC HENRY’S MOTIVATION TO VOLUNTEER FOR THE ITALIAN ARMED FORCES (ALBULANCE CORP) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

44. INTRODUCTION TO ERNEST HEMMINGWAY A Farewell to Arms was first published in 1929, and is set in northern Italy during World War I (1914–1918). It is a semi-autobiographical novel based on Ernest Hemingway’s own experiences as an American in the Italian Red Cross during the latter stages of the war. Like his protagonist, Frederic Henry, Hemingway was wounded by trench mortar fire and purportedly fell in love with a Red Cross nurse while recovering. Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. In 1961 he committed suicide at the age of 62 after a life- long struggle with depression.

45. Throughout his novel he repeatedly emphasises the horrific devastation the ‘Great War’ wrought on everyone involved. He often goes beyond this, condemning the world at large for its atmosphere of destruction. He frequently reflects on the world’s insistence on breaking and killing everyone and its seeming refusal to let anyone remain safe and happy.

47. GROUP TASK In groups of four, fill in the chart with as much information as you can. Refer to your novels/ and notes in order to do this.

48. HOMEWORK: DUE WEDNESDAY 16 th February Using the notes from today and be re-reading chapters 1-3, answer the following questions. These must be submitted on a separate piece of paper in 1 weeks time.