1. Draft Terms of Reference for the Country Research Studies Promoting Agriculture-Climate-Trade linkages in the East African Community (PACT EAC) BY RASHID S. KAUKAB & KRISTA JOOSEP Arusha, Tanzania February 24, 2012

2. Outline of the Presentation Background Objectives Key substantive issues to be covered Methodology – Principles – Plan – Timeline Indicative outlines of country research studies – Introduction – Analysis Climate change and food security Trade and climate change Trade and food security Climate change-food security-trade policy linkages: nature, new realities, and challenges Conclusions and recommendations 2

3. Background to the Research Climate change in 5 EAC member countries (e.g. extreme weather events) Food insecurity and hunger Trade potential REALITY Limited understanding of linkages Lack of holistic national, and regional policies REALITY Study interactions of climate change- food security-trade Fill knowledge gaps Build capacity of stakeholders for holistic policy response MUST Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 3

4. Main Objectives of the Research Impact of climate change on food securityImpact of trade in goods and services on climate change Identify where trade can minimize the negative impacts of climate change on food security Study interactions of climate-trade-food-security policiesIncrease capacity of stakeholders on climate-trade-food-security-linkagesOutline concrete policy recommendations Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 4

5. Key Issues to be Covered National policy frameworks relevant to the climate-trade-food-security linkages The relevant regional and international policy frameworks and their implications for the national policy frameworks The negative and positive impact created by climate change in agriculture and overall food security + address through trade Articulation of elements for holistic and viable solutions Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 5

6. Exchange ideas 3 researchers; international experts; research institutions; PAC Involvement of relevant stakeholders Field studies, surveys, cases Interlinkages of three areas Issues identified by beneficiaries EAC Secretariat (MoU) Methodology: Principles Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions Collaborative Demand- driven Holistic Multi-disciplinary Inclusive Grassroots- based 6

7. Methodology: Plan Expand and annotate research questions DESKTOP RESEARCH Data collection, fact finding, collaboration with experts and partners, field visits, etc. FIELD WORK Consultations with the NRGs; input/feedback loops with the EAC Secretariat CONSULTATIONS Draft presentations + feedback at the RAM and by PAC PRESENTATION OF DRAFTS Studies finalization, comments incorporated FINAL STUDIES Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 7

8. Methodology: Timeline Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions Discussion of draft ToRs; Identify knowledge gaps Identification of research teams Approval of draft study outlines Collaborative desktop research February 23-24 February 15 March 16 March -29 April 30 April Desktop drafts submitted for comments Receive comments on desktop research from NRGs, EAC Sec, PAC, CUTS Field work starts e.g. surveys, visits 1 May 30 May Submission of Action Alert 15 June Submission of complete draft studies Comments made on full draft studies by NRGs, PAC, etc. Incorporate RAM comments into final studies Draft presentation & feedback at RAM 15 July August September 15 October Submission of Final studies November 2012 8

9. Indicative Outline of Country Research Studies: Introduction  Brief economic, social, and trade profile with particular reference to climate change and food security;  Trends and linkages in agriculture production, trade, food security and weather patterns;  Status of current knowledge on interlinkages of trade-climate change- food security  Main elements of national policy framework in all three areas: interlinkages, contradictions, gaps, etc Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 9

10. Indicative Outline of Country Research Studies: Analysis (1) A. What are the main national food security challenges for stakeholders as imposed by climate change? B. Who will be affected in the food security system, and how? C. In the relevant national and regional climate change policy frameworks, what are the gaps and the opportunities to effectively address food security issues? Climate Change and Food Security Research Questions: Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 10

11. Indicative Outline of Country Research Studies: Analysis (2) A. What is known about climate change and its impacts on trade in the country? B. What are possible negative impacts of trade on climate change? How is climate change going to be an impediment to trade? C. What are concrete examples of how trade can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in the country? D. What are the national climate change and trade policies in place and how do these policies have an impact on each other? E. What are the implications of multilateral agreements and negotiations on the national trade and climate change policies? Trade and Climate Change Research Questions: Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 11

12. Indicative Outline of Country Research Studies: Analysis (3) A. How is food security affected by trade at the national and regional level? B. What are the social and economic implications of multilateral and regional trade policies on food security at the national and sub-national level? C. What are the national trade policy shortcomings, gaps, and opportunities to achieve food security? D. What are the concrete examples of trade playing a positive role to achieve food security? Trade and Food Security Research Questions: Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 12

13. Indicative Outline of Country Research Studies: Analysis (4) A. Considering regional and national trade and climate change policies, how do they have an impact on food security? B. What are the main gaps and contradictions between sectoral policies on the one hand and between national and regional policies on the other? C. What are the main impediments in the development and implementation of holistic and coordinated policies at the national level to improve food security through trade in the face of climate change? Trade-Food Security-Climate Change Linkages Research Questions: Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 13

14. Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions:  Summary of substantive linkages;  Potential of trade;  Existing policy frameworks and their interactions and contradictions;  Main shortcomings of these policies and the way forward;  The capacity limitations of relevant stakeholders and how they can be improved Recommendations:  Recommendations to national stakeholders;  Recommendations to regional and international stakeholders Background Objectives Key issues covered Methodology Indicative outline Conclusions 14

15. Asante Sana! For More Information Please Visit: www.cuts-grc.org For More Information Please Visit: www.cuts-grc.org 15