2. Middle Eastern Independence Movements What types of governments form in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia?

3. Turkey After WW I, Greece (backed by Britain) tries to conquer Turkey Mustafa Kemal defeats the Greek invaders – becomes President of Turkey 1. Kemal turns Turkey into a republic (1923) & begins industrialization 2. Sets up western legal system - no Islamic Law (secular society) 3. Grants women the right to vote/hold office Turkish people give Kemal the nickname “Ataturk” – father of the Turks

4. Iran Shah (King) of Persia allows Britain to gain more influence This action causes a nationalist revolution in Persia (1925) A Persian army officer named Reza Pahlavi overthrows the Shah 1.Modernizes the country, uses western-style law, expands women’s rights 2. Names himself the Shah and turns Persia into a totalitarian government 3. Changes the name of Persia to Iran

5. Saudi Arabia Abd al-Aziz Saud begins campaign to unite all of Arabia Succeeds and names himself King of Arabia (1926) 1.Keeps Islamic law instead of western law 2.Limits industrialization, no women’s rights, no democracy 3.Changes name to Saudi Arabia (to reflect his family name) Discovery of Oil in the Middle East British & American companies discover oil all throughout the Middle East (2/3 of world’s oil) Because of huge profits, US & Britain want more influence in the region

6. Warm-up 27-4 Fill in the blanks with appropriate vocabulary After the __________try to invade Turkey, _____________ became the new leader. He set up a _______style government and legal system. Kemal also eliminated ___________ from national law making Turkey a _______ society. In Persia, _______________ overthrows the weak _____ who was being influenced by ________. He westernizes Persia in many ways except for the ___________. Instead he becomes the new Shah. In Saudi Arabia, ________________ attempts to unite all of the Arabian kingdoms into one country. He succeeds and names himself king. Saud keeps Islamic law and does little _______________and promotes little rights for ___________. Shah – Islamic law – western – Britain – Abd al-Aziz Saud – women - government – industrialization – Greeks – Secular – Reza Pahlavi- Mustafa Kemal Greeks Mustafa Kemal western Islamic Law secular Reza Pahlavi Shah Britain government Abd al-Aziz Saud industrialization women