2. Regents Biology 2009-2010 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

3. Regents Biology make energy A Body’s Energy Budget eat food synthesis (building) energy needed even at rest activity temperature control { growth reproduction repair { storage glycogen (animal starch) fat { ATP 1 2 3

4. Regents Biology Where do we get energy?  Energy is stored in organic molecules  carbohydrates, fats, proteins  Animals eat these organic molecules  food  Plant make glucose (carbohydrates)  food  raw materials for building more molecules  fuels for energy (ATP)  Step-by-step enzyme controlled reaction to get usable energy (ATP) ATP

5. Regents Biology Harvesting stored energy  Glucose is the model  catabolism of glucose to produce ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 ATP6H 2 O6CO 2  + ++ RESPIRATION = making ATP (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP glucose glucose + oxygen  energy + water + carbon dioxide respiration O2O2 enzymes ATP

6. Regents Biology Energy  Digestion + - We gain glucose molecules by digesting the carbohydrates we eat. - When these bonds are broken, the energy of glucose can be transferred to ATP to be used to do work. ATP

7. Regents Biology ATP What is energy in biology? Adenosine Triphosphate:

8. Regents Biology Making ATP http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Movie_Clips/07%20Respiration/ATP- ADP%20Cycle.wmv Breakdown of glucose adds a Phosphate to ADP creating an energy molecule of ATP ADP + P  ATP

9. Regents Biology ATP – ADP Cycle ATP ADP work Adenosine DiPhosphate Adenosine TriPhosphate P PP P P Cellular Respiration P

10. Regents Biology Paying Attention?  How is ATP formed?  Why is this important?  How is ATP broken down?  Why is this important?

11. Regents Biology Harvesting energy stored in food  Cellular respiration  breaking down food to produce ATP  in mitochondria  using oxygen  “aerobic” respiration  NOT using oxygen  “anaerobic” respiration  yeast, bacteria C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 ATP6CO 2 6H 2 O  + ++ glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon + water dioxide O2O2 food ATP CO 2 H2OH2O enzymes

12. Regents Biology Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells

13. Regents Biology How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ Respiration Photosynthesis 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

14. Regents Biology H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun glucose sugars O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP

15. Regents Biology Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun glucose sugars ATP Converts light energy to chemical energy stored in food Breaking down food releasing the chemical energy stored in them Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed or transferred

16. Regents Biology Aerobic Cellular Respiration  Three main stages

17. Regents Biology Krebs Cycle Glucose Pyruvic acid NADH 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP CO 2 Electron Transport Chain 6 NADH 34 ATP H2OH2O ADP + P  ATP

18. Regents Biology

19.  Glycolysis: 2 ATP  Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP  ETC: 34 ATP  TOTAL:(NET)38 ATP *estimate

20. Regents Biology What if oxygen is missing?  No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration  Anaerobic respiration  also known as fermentation  alcohol fermentation  lactic acid fermentation  no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria)  can only make very little ATP  large animals cannot survive O2O2 yeast bacteria

21. Regents Biology Anaerobic Respiration  Fermentation  alcohol fermentation  yeast  glucose  2ATP + CO 2 + 2 ethanol  make beer, wine, bread  lactic acid fermentation  Tired eukaryotes  glucose  2ATP + CO 2 + lactic acid  animals feel muscle fatigue O2O2 Tastes good… but not enough energy for me!

22. Regents Biology AerobicAnaerobic Types of Cells O 2 Required? # of ATP Produced Final Products Name of step(s)

23. Regents Biology PhotosynthesisRespiration Purpose Reactants Location Waste Products Main Product Who does this? Where does energy come from? Energy? Importance