1. Bio 328 Immunology Autoimmunity

4. Negative selection bone marrow

6. Peripheral tolerance B cells: Clonal Deletion

8. Peripheral tolerance B-cells: Clonal Anergy. HEL expressed under liver- specific promotor

11. Negative selection thymus

12. Transfection of re-arranged TCR  and  chain genes. Negative selection Thymus.

13. Negative selection in the thymus

14. Freemartin.

15. Reproductive tract of Freemartin

16. Prevalance of chimeric cells in 15 pairs of freemartin twins. Pessa-Morikawa, et. al, 2003

17. Peripheral tolerance T cells: Clonal Anergy

19. Non-Obese Diabetic mice BioBreeding rats

20. IPEX = Foxp3 deficiency = Immunodysregulation Poly- Endocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked

25. Non-Obese Diabetic mice and BB rats prone to develop spontaneous, autoimmune (type I) diabetes: T reg deficiency. ALPS, Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Fas deficiency (gld/gld) APECED, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy- candiadiasis-ectodermal dystrophy AIRE deficiency IPEX, Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (Scurfy) Foxp3 deficiency

29. Healthy control Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

31. Fluorescent anti-IgG staining of kidney in Goodpasture syndrome.

32. Healthy control Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

33. Skin depigmentation in Vitiligo (Auto-antibodies against melanocytes)

35. Myasthenia gravis

39. Autoimmune adreocortical insufficiency

40. Addison disease: Autoimmune adrenocortical insufficiency Abdominal pain Weakness Low blood pressure

44. Maggie Smith as Professor Minerva McGonagall.

49. Clearance Hypothesis Tolerance Hypothesis

61. Methods to detect RF: Rose-Waaler test and Latex- agglutination test.

66. Scleroderma Systemic Sclerosis

68. Parotid enlargement Sjogren's syndrome

69. Sjögren's syndrome. (A)Tongue with atrophic papillae and dry and deeply fissured epithelium that replaces functional glandular epithelium; cheilitis is evident bilaterally. A possible cause of these manifestations might be xerostomia, either alone or in combination with fungal infection. (B) Missing teeth and multiple caries. (C) Persistent enlargement of parotid glands.

71. Ankylosing spondylitis

73. Experimental and many organ-specific autoimmune diseases are -driven by CD4 + T-cells. -T H 1/T H 2 dichotomy

75. Mechanisms for Induction of Autoimmunity. 1.Release of sequestered antigen 2.Molecular mimicry 3.Inappropriate expression MHC II INF  4.Polyclonal B cell activation.

78. Non-Obese Diabetic mice and BB rats prone to develop spontaneous, autoimmune (type I) diabetes: T reg deficiency. ALPS, Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Fas deficiency (gld/gld) APECED, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy- candiadiasis-ectodermal dystrophy AIRE deficiency IPEX, Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (Scurfy) Foxp3 deficiency

83. Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination Kerstin Berer1, Marsilius Mues1, Michail Koutrolos1, Zakeya Al Rasbi1, Marina Boziki1, Caroline Johner2, Hartmut Wekerle1 & Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy1 Nature 24 November 2011, 479 p538-541.

89. The End