1. Researching Researchers: What User Studies Tell Us

3. …researchers and students

4. Average Time Spent and Number of Articles Read Per Year Per Scientist

5. The most up-to-date source for our research. http://web.utk.edu/~tenopir/

6. Recent Studies: 2000-2001UTK medical, engineering, science and ORNL scientists 2001-2002Astronomers 2002-2003Pittsburgh and Drexel faculty and students 2004Pediatricians and Australian universities

7. Use and Users of Electronic Library Resources: An Overview and Analysis of Recent Research Studies. Tenopir, Carol www.clir.org/pub/reports/pub120/pub120. pdf

8. Tier 1 studies STUDY PARTICIPANTS SuperJournal DLF/Outsell HighWire/eJUSt Pew/OCLC/ULC OhioLINK Tenopir & King LibQual+ JSTOR Students & faculty Scholars & clinicians High school & College students OhioLINK users Scientists and social scientists Students & faculty JSTOR users

9. Tier 2 Studies Over 200 good studies in last decade One time studies or small scale Variety of methods Together build our knowledge of user behavior

10. 1.Researchers use many ways to get information 2.E-journals influence some behaviors 3.Differences due to workfield, workplace, and others

11. Oral Communication Written Reports Secondary Publications Articles Reviews Discussions Communication Means

12. Scientists Working Photos Data Sets Direct Observations Sounds Conversations Meetings Publications Specimens Lab/Field notebook

13. Scientists Working Photos Data Sets Direct Observations Sounds Conversations Meetings Publications Specimens Lab/Field notebook Proceedings Preprints Journal Articles Books

14. Photos Data Sets Direct Observations Sounds Conversations Meetings Publications Specimens Lab/Field notebook Scientists Working

15. Average Annual Amount Reading

16. Average Annual Amount of time (Hours) spent reading (Hrs)

17. Average Annual Amount (Hours) of time spent for e-mails (Hrs.)

18. Amount of Reading by Scientists Number of Annual Readings 187 160 41 117 100

19. “Electronic” articles include:

20. Sources of Reading

21. 2. E-journals and e-alternatives influence reading patterns in some ways

22. Active Journal Characteristics Ulrichsweb, October 2003 Number of active online refereed or scholarly periodicals ~15,000 Number of active online periodicals ~35,000 Total number of active periodicals ~180,000

23. Journal Migration Source: Montgomery and King, “Comparing Library and User Related Costs of Print and Electronic Journal Collections” in D-Lib October 2002. Available at http://wwww.dlib.org/dlib/october02/montgomery/10montgomery.html

24. Use of the Collections (000) *No. of vendor-reported full-text views. C. Montgomery

25. Print & Electronic Serial Titles in Australian and New Zealand Academic Libraries Source: CAUL Statistics http://www.caul.edu.au/stats/caul2002-pub.xls Print and Electronic Titles Electronic Titles Print Electronic 253,627 17% 1,245,424 83% Individual Electronic Serial Titles Titles Within a Single Publisher Collection Titles Within aggregations 43,301 4% 78,385 6% 1,123,738 90%

26. DirectoriesNumber of Journals Social Science/Bus/Law218 Health/Life Science164 Math/Eng/Tech110 Humanities134 Science128 Directory of Open Access Journals Total of 822 Journals at DOAJ, 2003, Lund University Libraries Source:http://www.doaj.org DOAJ-Directory of Open Access Journals

27. Studies Show Scientists Prefer Electronic: Convenience Ability to search across/within articles Timeliness/currency Links Downloading/printing/saving/sending Easy access to a wide variety of sources

28. Source of Articles Read By Electronic Journals Experience Early Evolving Advanced 37 % 48 % 15 % 15.2 % 49 % 35.8 % 46 % 41 % 13 %

29. Source of Articles Read at Drexel Faculty 46%42% 12% Personal SubscriptionsLibrary-ProvidedSeparate Copies 14% 76% 11% Doctoral Students

30. Library-Provided Articles at Drexel Faculty 70% 14%16% PrintElectronicDocument Delivery 16% 77% 12% Doctoral Students

31. Sources of Readings Scientists appear to be reading from more journals—at least one article per year from approximately 23 journals, up from 13 in the late 1970s and 18 in the mid-1990s. % and amount of readings from separate copies use of personal subscriptions

32. How Scientists Learned About Articles Early Evolving Advanced Browsing Online Search Citations Colleagues 58% 46% 21% 16% 22% 21% 6% 13% 16% 9% 14% 39% 1990-1995 2000-2001 2001-

33. 62.3% 20.8% 16.9% MeansofLearningAboutArticlesRead Means of Learning About Articles Read Medical Faculty 39% 21% 37% Astronomers 22% 29% 49% Universities

34. Means of Discovery at Drexel Faculty BrowsingOnline Searching Citation in Publication Graduate Students 33% 35% 12% 20% 56% 20% 15% 9% Another Person C. Montgomery

35. Age of Reading from Digital Media 1 years 2-5 years 6-15 years >15 years

36. Perceived value of Resource Productive Astronomers

37. 3. Differences in reading patterns due to workfield, workplace, etc.

38. Scholarly Article Reading Work FieldArticles Read (Per Year) Time Spent (Hours) Time Per Article (Min) Univ. Med.~32211822 Chemists~27619843 Life Scientists~23910426 Physicists~20415345 Soc Sci/Psych~19112138 Engineers~1118144 Updated June 2004

39. Print or ElectronicbyBroad Field: University of Pittsburgh Print or Electronic by Broad Field: University of Pittsburgh 58.9% All 41.1% Electronic Print Electronic 45.0% 55.0% Scientists Print Electronic 26.8% 73.2% Non-Scientists

40. Print or Electronic Astronomers Medical Faculty Universities 80 % 20 % 75 % 25 % 63 % 37 %

41. 62.3% 20.8% 16.9% MeansofLearningAboutArticlesRead Means of Learning About Articles Read Medical Faculty 39% 21% 37% Astronomers 22% 29% 49% Universities

42. A few words about research methods…

43. What Conclusions Can You Draw?  Usage logs  What groups do  Interviews/surveys/  Opinion, what individuals and journals groups say they do in general and why  Critical (last) incident  What individuals say they do specifically and why  Observational/  What individuals do in a Experimental controlled or natural setting and why  Citation Analysis  What authors cite

44. Learning About Users and Usage Opinions, preferences (individual) Usage logs Critical incident (readings), Experimental Citations

45. “Convenience drives usage of e- journals…and it is a relative term among scholars.” Stanford e-Just

46. “What is convenient for one scholar is not necessarily convenient for others. With their own idiosyncratic approaches to both print journals and online information, and with their own configuration of professional strengths, histories, and needs, scholars patch together systems that work for them in their context.” Stanford e-Just