1. Chapter 62 Nursing Assessment Musculoskeletal System Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.

2. Structures and Functions of the Musculoskeletal System  Bone  Function  1. Support  2. Protection of internal organs  3. Blood cell production  4. Mineral storage

3. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Fig. 62-1

4. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Structures and Functions of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)  Joints  Cartilage

5. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Fig. 62-2

6. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Fig. 62-5

7. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Structures and Functions of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)  Skeletal Muscle  Ligaments and tendons  Fascia  Bursae

8. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Gerontologic Considerations Effects of Aging on the Musculoskeletal System  Decreased number of muscle cells  Loss of elasticity in ligaments and cartilage  Increased risk to cartilage erosion  Narrowing of intervertebral spaces  Decrease in bone density

9. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System  Subjective data  Important health information Past health history Past health history Medications Medications Surgery or other treatments Surgery or other treatments

10. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)  Functional health patterns Health Perception–Health Management Pattern Health Perception–Health Management Pattern Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern Elimination Pattern Elimination Pattern Activity-Exercise Pattern Activity-Exercise Pattern Sleep-Rest Pattern Sleep-Rest Pattern

11. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)  Functional health patterns Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern Role-Relationship Pattern Role-Relationship Pattern Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern Value-Belief Pattern Value-Belief Pattern

12. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)  Objective data  Physical examination Inspection Inspection Palpation Palpation Motion Motion  Passive ROM  Active ROM

13. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)  Objective data  Physical examination Muscle-strength testing Muscle-strength testing Measurement Measurement Other Other

14. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Fig. 62-7

15. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Diagnostic Studies of the Musculoskeletal System

16. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Diagnostic Studies  X-ray  CT scan  Myelogram  MRI  Bone mineral density measurement  Laboratory  Invasive studies