1. 2.7.2C BIOMES Infer the relationship between environmental conditions and plants WARM-UP: What are the three regions of NC? How do abiotic factors affect biotic factors of an ecosystem? (Give an example)

2. Write definition of biome at the top of your paper. Definition: Biome A complex of terrestrial communities that covers a large area and is characterized by certain soil and climate conditions and particular groups of plants and animal Can all kinds of organisms live in every biome? No!

3. Examples Examples: Write on back of paper. Kangaroo rat- a desert rodent with adaptation in their kidney to help conserve water Rain forest plants- contain long, thin leaves with drip trips to help shed excess water

4. Write at bottom of paper. Adaptations in plants and animals help different species survive under different conditions in different biomes Plants and animals also exhibit variations in tolerance, or ability to survive and reproduce under conditions that differ from their optimal conditions Tolerance Plants and animals in Arizona for example, can tolerate temperatures that range from very very hot to below freezing Rain forest plants and animals will die if the temperature drops below freezing or rises above 34 degrees Celsius

5. Major Biomes Create bubble map with major biomes. Tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, desert, temperate grassland, temperate woodland and shrubland, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest, and tundra Write in main bubble under “Major Biomes”: Each biome is defined by a unique set of abiotic (nonliving) factors- particularly climate- and characteristic plants and animals

6.  Tropical Rainforest Has more rain than all other biomes combined Hot and wet year round Species: ferns, woody vines, orchids, sloths, tapirs, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, parakeets, piranhas, anacondas  Tropical Dry Rainforest Rainfall is seasonalrather than year round Generally warm year-round, alternating wet and dry seasons Species: tall deciduous (leaves fall off) trees, dense canopy, tigers, monkeys, elephants, termites, snakes, monitor lizards

7.  Tropical Savanna Also called Grassland Spotted with isolated trees, small groves of trees, and shrubs Frequent fires, large animals Species: tall grasses, shrubs, lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, elephants, giraffes, antelopes, zebras, baboons, ostriches  Desert Dry-annual precipitation of less than 25cm Organisms can tolerate extreme conditions Extreme temperature changes during the course of a day (very hot during the day and very cold at night) Species: cacti, mountain lions, gray foxes, mule deer, kangaroo rats, roadrunners, owls, hawks, tortoises, rattlesnakes, lizards

8.  Temperate Grassland Rich mix of grasses, plains and prairies Periodic fires and heavy grazing by large herbivores Warm to hot summers, cold winters, fertile soils Species: coyotes, badgers, wolves, grizzly bears, rabbits, prairie dogs, cattle, owls, snakes, grasshoppers

9.  Temperate Woodland and Shrubland Semi-dry climate and a mix of shrub communities and open woodlands Large areas of grasses and wildflowers and a lot of oak trees Fires are a constant threat Species: evergreen shrubs, coyotes, deer, rabbit, squirrels, hawks, lizards, snakes, butterflies, bobcats  Temperate Forest Mixture of deciduous and coniferous trees Deciduous trees lose their leaves in fall, cold winters Species: deer, black bears, bobcats, conifers, flowering shrubs, herbs, mosses, ferns, raccoons, skunks, songbirds, turkeys, squirrels

10.  Northwestern Coniferous Forest Mild temperature, moist air from the Pacific Ocean provides abundant rainfall Conifers, moss and flowering trees and shrubs are abundant Species: fir, spruce, hemlock, and redwood trees, bears, elk, deer, owls, bobcats, weasels  Boreal Forest Dense evergreen forests of coniferous trees-also called taiga Bitterly cold winters, mild summers, high humidity Mostly in the Northern Hemisphere Species: lynxes, wolves, weasels, moose, beavers, migratory birds

11.  Tundra Characterized by permafrost-a layer of permanently frozen subsoil Short, cool summers, small and crushed/short plants due to cycles of thawing and freezing Cold temperatures, high winds, short growing season Species: mosses, lichens, short grasses, shore birds, musk ox, arctic foxes, caribous, small rodents (can withstand harsh conditions)

12. If you finish begin chapter 4 questions in the book 1-12. Write in complete sentences.