1. CHAPTER 17: ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

2. CLASSES OF ELEMENTS

3. Lithium Beryllium Oxygen Neon SodiumMagnesium Sulfur Argon Arrange the drawings in this order on your page DRAW THESE BOHR MODELS

5. Elements can be categorized into three broad groupings: metals, those that are not metals, and those that are somewhere in between. p. 39417.10PHYSICAL SCIENCE

6. Metals Few valence electrons Give metals many of their qualities Most of the left two-thirds of the periodic table pp. 394-39517.11PHYSICAL SCIENCE

7. Nonmetals Hold electrons tightly Four to eight valence electrons Gives nonmetals many of their qualities Hydrogen and the far-right side of the periodic table p. 39517.12PHYSICAL SCIENCE

8. Metalloids Stairstep line on periodic table Semiconductors p. 39617.13PHYSICAL SCIENCE

9. Neutral elements in the same column of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons Each column is called a family or group Element Families pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

10. p. 39617.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

11. The Alkali Metals (Group 1A) Does not include hydrogen One electron in outermost energy level Easily removed Very reactive pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

12. The Alkaline-Earth Metals (Group 2A) Two valence electrons Less reactive than alkali metals pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

13. The Transition Elements (Groups 1B-8B) One or two valence electrons All are metals Few are used in their pure forms alloys pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

14. The Boron Family (Group 3A) Boron is a metalloid Others are metals Three valence electrons pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

15. The Carbon Family (Group 4A) Four valence electrons Carbon is a part of almost all organic compounds pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

16. The Nitrogen Family (Group 5A) Five valence electrons Can form more chemical bonds per atom than any other family pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

17. The Oxygen Family (Group 6A) Six valence electrons Oxygen can be diatomic (O 2 ) or triatomic (O 3 ) pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

18. The Halogens (Group 7A) Seven valence electrons Very reactive Exist in pure form only as diatomic molecules Found in many salt compounds pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

19. The Noble Gases (Group 8A) Complete set of valence electrons Exist in nature as pure monatomic gases “Noble”: don’t join other elements Rare on earth pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

20. The group number tells the number of valence electrons in neutral atoms of that group’s elements Elements in the B subgroups have one or two loosely held valence electrons Inner transition elements typically have two valence electrons pp. 396-40117.14PHYSICAL SCIENCE

21. The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods, or series. Elements in the same period do not have similar properties. p. 40117.15PHYSICAL SCIENCE

22. From left to right across a period: Metallic properties decrease Nonmetallic properties increase Number of electrons in outer level increases Period numbers are listed on the left side of the periodic table p. 40117.15PHYSICAL SCIENCE

23. A period number tells how many energy levels the elements in that period have in their ground state Equals the number of the energy level containing the valence electrons p. 40117.15PHYSICAL SCIENCE

24. Fuel cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy and their only byproduct is steam. So why are they not commonly used today? p. 40217.16PHYSICAL SCIENCE

25. PERIODIC TRENDS

26. Valence electrons Distance from nucleus Arrangement Orbitals Electron dot notation Electron Structure pp. 404-40517.17PHYSICAL SCIENCE

27. p. 40517.17PHYSICAL SCIENCE

28. p. 40517.17PHYSICAL SCIENCE

29. There are many element properties that can be predicted from the periodic table. How many can you identify? pp. 405-40617.18PHYSICAL SCIENCE