2. Bellwork Clear everything from desk except: o African American Scientist material o P / P Wait patiently & quietly for today’s African American Scientist

3. Daniel Hale Williams was born in 1856. He opened the first African American owned hospital in the United States, as well as the first nursing school for African Americans. Dr. Williams employed African American and White doctors at his Hospital, emphasizing the need to provide the best available care to everyone. He required that the doctors keep up on the latest advances in medicine. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams made history by performing the first successful open heart surgery operation. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams

4. Bellwork o Clear everything from desk except: o P / P o Notebooks o Label the next entry “Sound Vocabulary” o Wait Patiently & Quietly with your head down or read

5. Sound Vocabulary

6. Sound – is a wave that is produced by a vibrating object and travels through matter (medium) o Sound is a mechanical wave

7. Vibration – a rapid back and forth movement

8. Medium – any substance that a wave moves through (solid, liquid or gas)

9. Speed of Sound – can be determined by the type of medium that it is moving through o Sound travels faster through liquids than gasses o Sound travels faster through solids than liquids

10. Materials / Mediums and The Speed of Sound Medium (42 o F) StateSpeed of Sound AirGas769 mi/h WaterLiquid3,130 mi/h SteelSolid5,000 mi/h

11. Frequency – the number of waves passing a fixed point in a given period of time (Hertz) High Frequency Wave: Low Frequency Wave: Low Frequency Wave:

12. Pitch – how high or how low sounds are o The frequency of a sound wave determines the pitch of the sound

13. Frequency & Pitch o A high frequency wave has short wavelengths. This makes a high pitched sound. Example: Trumpet o A low frequency wave has long wavelengths. This makes a low pitched sound. Example: Trombone

14. Intensity – the amount of energy carried by a wave o depends on the size of the wave

15. Intensity low frequency high frequency low frequency high frequency high intensity low intensity high intensity low intensity low amplitude high amplitude low amplitude high amplitude low intensity high intensity low intensity high intensity

16. Decibel (dB) – unit used to measure the intensity of a sound

17. The Ear Cochlea Auditory Nerve