1. CHAPTER 26 THE ROAD TO WAR

2. SECTION 3 THE RISE OF MILITARISM

3. OBJECTIVES Describe how Mussolini created a Fascists state in Italy Describe how Mussolini created a Fascists state in Italy Explain how Stalin maintained power in the Soviet Union Explain how Stalin maintained power in the Soviet Union Analyze Hitler’s rise to power in Germany Analyze Hitler’s rise to power in Germany

4. MUSSOLINI Fascist leader from Italy Fascist leader from Italy

5. FASCIST PARTY Military controlled government in Italy Military controlled government in Italy Government dominated all aspects of society Government dominated all aspects of society

6. Mussolini and his Fascist Party

7. BLACK SHIRTS Mussolini’s army of his followers Mussolini’s army of his followers Named after the color of the uniforms Named after the color of the uniforms

8. Mussolini with his Black Shirts

10. Mussolini limits civil liberties Limited freedom of speech Limited freedom of speech Arrested political opponents Arrested political opponents Restricted voting rights Restricted voting rights

11. Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia Vladimir Lenin dies in 1924 Vladimir Lenin dies in 1924

12. New ruler in the USSR in 1924 Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin Totalitarian leader from Soviet Union Totalitarian leader from Soviet Union

13. Joseph Stalin – U.S.S.R

15. TOTALITARIAN STATE Government has complete control over the country Government has complete control over the country

17. Soviet Farmers Protesters were sent to forced labor camps Protesters were sent to forced labor camps Eventually, 15 million people in the USSR were sent to forced labor camps Eventually, 15 million people in the USSR were sent to forced labor camps

18. Powerful Red Army Stalin used to crush opposition Stalin used to crush opposition

19. Stalin’s Policies 30 million Soviet citizens died 30 million Soviet citizens died

20. HITLER Elected Chancellor of Germany in 1932 Elected Chancellor of Germany in 1932

22. NAZI PARTY National Socialist Party National Socialist Party

23. MEIN KAMPF Book written by Hitler while in prison Book written by Hitler while in prison Means “my struggle” Means “my struggle” His plan to restore German power His plan to restore German power

24. Who did Hitler blame for the decline of Germany? Jews Jews Communists Communists Intellectuals Intellectuals

26. THIRD REICH Hitler’s government Hitler’s government

27. Those prohibited from holding political office in Germany Jews Jews non-Nazis non-Nazis

28. Hitler’s Nazi storm troopers Brownshirts Brownshirts Wore brown uniforms Wore brown uniforms Crushed political opposition Crushed political opposition

30. ANTI-SEMITISM Means hatred of Jews Means hatred of Jews Became official government policy Became official government policy Many wealthy Jews fled the country by coming to the U.S. (Albert Einstein) Many wealthy Jews fled the country by coming to the U.S. (Albert Einstein)

33. Kristallnacht [krees-tahl-nahkht] “the night of the broken glass” Nazi thugs burned synagogues Nazi thugs burned synagogues Destroyed Jewish businesses Destroyed Jewish businesses Many Jews escaped to the U.S. Many Jews escaped to the U.S.

34. FRANCISCO FRANCO Led Fascist government in Spain Led Fascist government in Spain He started the Spanish Civil War between the Fascists and the Loyalists in 1936 He started the Spanish Civil War between the Fascists and the Loyalists in 1936 He was aided by Germany and Italy He was aided by Germany and Italy

37. AXIS POWERS (NATIONS) Germany Germany Italy Italy Japan Japan

39. NON-AGGRESSION PACT Stalin (Soviet Union) signs this pact with Hitler (Germany) in 1939 Stalin (Soviet Union) signs this pact with Hitler (Germany) in 1939 Both agree not to attack one another Both agree not to attack one another The 2 nations agreed to divide Poland between them The 2 nations agreed to divide Poland between them

40. ALLIED POWERS Great Britain Great Britain France France USSR USSR United States United States

42. LEND LEASE ACT U.S. lent or leased arms to the Allies in 1940. U.S. lent or leased arms to the Allies in 1940. $7 billion worth of ships, planes, tanks, and other supplies to non-Axis countries $7 billion worth of ships, planes, tanks, and other supplies to non-Axis countries

44. BLITZKRIEG “lightning war” “lightning war” Germany striking against Poland in 1939 Germany striking against Poland in 1939

47. WINSTON CHURCHILL New Prime Minister of Great Britain New Prime Minister of Great Britain

50. JAPAN ATTACKS Minister of War – Hideki Tojo led the attack against the U.S. Minister of War – Hideki Tojo led the attack against the U.S.

52. Emperor of Japan Emperor Hirohito Emperor Hirohito

53. DECEMBER 7, 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii Attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii 8:00 am 8:00 am Destroyed 20 warships and 200 planes Destroyed 20 warships and 200 planes Killed 2,400 Americans Killed 2,400 Americans

57. FDR’S ADDRESS TO AMERICA “a day which will live in infamy” “a day which will live in infamy”