1. By: Amanda Sharp, Lindsay Wolins, Madison Ochs, and Judy Mabone

2. Topsoil is very thin The tundra covers areas of the Arctic 20% of the earth’s land surface Few trees

3. Winters in the tundra are long and cold Average temp. is -30 degrees Celsius in winter Summers are short with cold temperatures Average temp. is 10 degrees Celsius

4. Lichens, mosses, grasses, forbs, dwarf shrubs, and trees Permanently frozen layer of soil called permafrost prevents water infiltration

5. Residents- Large, grazing, musk ox Migratory-Caribou and reindeer Predators-bears, wolves and foxes Small mammals-rat like lemmings, weasels, arctic foxes, snowshoe hares

6. Bad: People go to the tundra for oil and coal. At times, large trucks spill oil, hurting the environment and animals. People also hunt for animals to use their fur as clothing. Also, there is over-development. Good: People recycling helps the environment.

7. People visit the tundra mostly for oil, coal and animal fur.

8. Biology: The dynamics of life (blue book) Biology (orange book) Answers.com