1. Warm-up #1 Look at the object in front of you. Write down everything you notice about the object. DO THIS on the THIRD Page of your Notebook and TITLE it Warm-up September 9 th.

2. Warm-Up #2 Write answers in complete sentences. You do NOT have to write the question. 1) An object is placed in freshwater and sinks, what is it's density? 2) Water is filled to 50 mL and a rock is added and displaces the water to 62 mL, what is the volume of the rock?

3. Warm-up #3 What are the first two steps of the scientific method? Make 1 qualitative, quantitative, and subjective statement about the classroom.

4. Scientific Method

5. Steps in the Scientific Method Observation Observation Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment Data Collection Data Collection Conclusion Conclusion Retest Retest

6. Observations Gathered through your senses Gathered through your senses A scientist notices something in their natural world A scientist notices something in their natural world

7. There are 2 types of observations they make: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative observations are observations based on looks. Color, shape, size and texture can be used to make observations.

8. Quantitative observations are observations based on numbers. Make these observations by counting or measuring with a ruler.

9. Let’s practice making observations Make 1 qualitative and 1 quantitative observation. Make 1 qualitative and 1 quantitative observation.

10. Observation Warm-Up Observe what I am doing and write as many observations as you can.

11. Hypothesis A suggested solution to the problem. A suggested solution to the problem. Must be testable Must be testable Written as If…Then… statements Written as If…Then… statements Predicts an outcome Predicts an outcome

12. Hypothesis Create a hypothesis based on the observations you made about the anglerfish Create a hypothesis based on the observations you made about the anglerfish

13. Hypothesis Bottles Work with your shoulder partner. One partner should collect bottles and trays.

14. Experiment A procedure to test the hypothesis. A procedure to test the hypothesis.

15. Experiment Variable – factor in the experiment that is being tested

16. Experiment A good or “valid” experiment will only have ONE variable!

17. Controls and Variables

18. Scientific Experiments Follow Rules An experimenter changes one factor and observes or measures what happens.

19. The Control Variable The experimenter makes a special effort to keep other factors constant so that they will not effect the outcome. The experimenter makes a special effort to keep other factors constant so that they will not effect the outcome. Those factors are called control variables. Those factors are called control variables.

20. What is the Purpose of a Control? Controls are NOT being tested Controls are used for COMPARISON

21. Other Variables The factor that is changed is known as the independent variable. The factor that is measured or observed is called the dependent variable.

22. Example of Controls & Variables For example, suppose you want to figure out the fastest route to walk home from school. You will try several different routes and time how long it takes you to get home by each one. Since you are only interested in finding a route that is fastest for you, you will do the walking yourself.

23. What are the Variables in Your Experiment? Varying the route is the independent variable Varying the route is the independent variable The time it takes is the dependent variable The time it takes is the dependent variable Keeping the same walker throughout makes the walker a control variable. Keeping the same walker throughout makes the walker a control variable.

24. One more thing… it is best to make several trials with each independent variable.

25. Valid Experiments

26. Remember: To be a Valid Experiment: Two groups are required --- the control & experimental groups There should be only one variable

27. Data Results of the experiment May be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative

28. Data Must be organized Can be organized into charts, tables, or graphs

29. Conclusion The answer to the hypothesis based on the data obtained from the experiment

30. Retest In order to verify the results, experiments must be retested.

31. Review

32. Solving a Problem 1)Identify a Problem 2) State Observations about the problem 3) Form a Hypothesis about the problem (if…then…) 4) Design an Experiment to test the hypothesis 5) Collect Data 6) Form a Conclusion 7) Retest