1. Making Observations and Inferences

2. Objective Be able to explain the difference between observation, inference, and assumption.

3. Observations  Observations: We use our senses to gather information about the world around us. There are two types of observations.

4. Qualitative  Qualitative observation: (quality) Usually made with our senses.  Color, shape, feel, taste, sound. Examples:  Olivia is wearing a blue sweater.  The lab tabletop is smooth.  The dog’s fur is shiny.

5. Quantitative ○ Quantitative observation: (quantity) How many. Will always have a number. ○ Based on exact measurement. Examples: ○ The room is 8 meters across. ○ Sarah is 141-cm tall. ○ Sam weighs 450 Newtons.

6. Inferences  Inference:  A logical interpretation of an event that is based on observations and prior knowledge.  What does this mean in science terms?

7. Making Inferences  You are at the counter in the office to get a bus pass signed. You see a student leave the principal’s office crying and upset. We could make an inference as to why the student is upset.  Could be in trouble (ISS, OSS, expelled)  Family problems at home (sick, accident)  Student not feeling well  Student has poor grades (failing, retention)

8. Observation VS Inferences Observation – Based on the five senses: ○ Sight ○ Smell ○ Touch ○ Taste ○ Hearing Inference – Based on prior knowledge or opinion

9. Observation vs Inference  List 3 Observation and 3 Inferences

10. Observation vs Inference  List 3 Observation  List 3 Inferences

11. Observation vs Inference  List 3 Observation  List 3 Inferences

12. Observation vs Inference  List 3 Observation  List 3 Inferences

13. ASSUMPTION something we take for granted or presuppose it is usually something we previously learned and do not question it is part of our system of beliefs. we assume our beliefs to be true and use them to interpret the world about us.

14. ASSUMPTION Example: Situation: A man is lying in the gutter. Inference: That man’s a bum. Assumption: Only bums lie in gutters. Situation: A man is lying in the gutter. Inference: That man is in need of help. Assumption: Anyone lying in the gutter is in need of help.

15. Resources:  http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/highlan dsprings/meade_j/Units/Unit%201/Unit% 201,%20Part%201%20Notes.PPT#289, 43,Experimental Design  http://www.cobb.k12.ga.us/~dickerson/s ci%20method.ppt#256,1,Scientific Method  http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/criti cal-thinking-distinguishing-between- inferences-and-assumptions/484